YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/751
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/3096
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #RichardIII
#Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
_____________________________________
Edward I, King of England
_____________________________________
____________________________
_____________________________________
Edward I, King of England
Edward I
King of England
Edward Longshanks
the Hammer of the Scots
Lord of Ireland
Duke of Aquitaine, ruled Gascony from 1254 to 1306 (in France as a vassal of the French king)
the Lord Edward
Edward I, King of England from 1272 to 1307
Edward I, King of England
Edward I
b 1239 d 1307
(17/18 June 1239 7 July 1307)
House Plantagenet
Father Henry III, King of England
Mother Eleanor of Provence
Edward I
b 1239 d 1307
Spouses
1. Eleanor of Castile ;;(m. 1254; died 1290);
2. Margaret of France ;(m. 1299);
Issue:
Henry
Eleanor, Countess of Bar
Joan, Countess of Hertford
Alphonso, Earl of Chester
Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
Mary of Woodstock
Elizabeth, Countess of Holland
Edward II, King of England
Thomas, Earl of Norfolk
Edmund, Earl of Kent
Edward I
Edward I, King of England
Edward I b 1239 d 1307 r 1272 - 1307
Reign 20 November 1272 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Born 17/18 June 1239
Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68)
Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
Burial 27 October 1307
Westminster Abbey, London
House Plantagenet
Reign 20 November 1272 7 July 1307
Coronation 19 August 1274
Predecessor Henry III
Successor Edward II
Born 17/18 June 1239
Palace of Westminster, London, England
Died 7 July 1307 (aged 68)
Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
Burial 27 October 1307
Westminster Abbey, London
Edward I 's temperamental nature and height (6'2")
(6'2'' = 187.96 centimeters ~ 188 cm)
made him an intimidating figure.
Edward had a reputation for a fierce and sometimes unpredictable temper,
and he could be intimidating.
A 1290 seal of Edward I
The Seal of Edward I, dating from 1290. It depicts the King in armour with a sword and a shield, and he is riding on a horse.
the Second Barons' War (12641267)
the Battle of Lewes (14 May 1264)
Battle of Evesham in 1265 (4 August 1265)
First Scottish War of Independence (1296-1328,)
The Anglo-French War (a Scottish ally) (between 129498 and 13001303)
The Anglo-French War revolved around Gascony.
The Treaty of Paris (1303) ended the conflict.
King Philip IV, King of France, confiscated the Duchy of Gascony.
* King Philip IV, King of France
Philip IV, called Philip the Fair, was King of France from 1285 to 1314.
By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre,
he was also King of Navarre as Philip I from 1284 to 1305, as well as Count of Champagne.
King Philip IV, King of France
Issue:
Louis X, King of France
Philip V, King of France
Charles IV, King of France
Isabella, Queen of England
Robert
House Capet
Philip IV of France (AprilJune 1268 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre as Philip I from 1284 to 1305, as well as Count of Champagne. Although Philip was known to be handsome, hence the epithet le Bel, his rigid, autocratic, imposing, and inflexible personality gained him (from friend and foe alike) other nicknames, such as the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer). His fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, bishop of Pamiers, said of him: "He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue.
Philip IV of France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France
Edict of Expulsion
(1290-1656)
The Edict of Expulsion was a royal decree issued by Edward I on 18 July 1290 expelling all Jews from the Kingdom of England
The edict was eventually overturned more than 365 years later, during the Protectorate, when
Oliver Cromwell informally permitted the resettlement of the Jews in England in 1656.
Edict of Expulsion
Edict of Expulsion , expelling the Jews from England in 1290.
The Edict of Expulsion was a royal decree issued by Edward I on 18 July 1290 expelling all Jews from the Kingdom of England, the first time a European state is known to have permanently banned their presence.[a] The date was most likely chosen as it was a Jewish holy day, the ninth of Ab, commemorating the destruction of Jerusalem and other disasters that the Jewish people have experienced. Edward told the sheriffs of all counties that he wanted all Jews expelled before All Saints' Day (1 November) that year.
Jews were allowed to leave with cash and personal possessions, but outstanding debts, homes, and other buildings including synagogues and cemeteries were forfeit to the King. While there are no recorded attacks on Jews during the departure on land, there were acts of piracy in which Jews lost their lives, while others were drowned as a result of being forced to cross the English Channel at an extremely dangerous, stormy time of year. There is evidence from personal names of Jewish refugees settling in Paris and other parts of France, as well as Italy, Spain and Germany. Documents taken abroad by the Anglo-Jewish diaspora have been found as far away as Cairo. Jewish properties were sold to the benefit of the Crown, Queen Eleanor and selected individuals who were given grants of property.
The edict was not an isolated incident, but the culmination of increasing antisemitism in England. During the reigns of Henry III and Edward I, anti-Jewish prejudice was used as a political tool first by opponents of the Crown, and then by Edward and the state itself. Edward took measures afterwards to claim credit for the expulsion, and to define himself as the protector of Christians against Jews, and was remembered and praised at his death for it. The expulsion had a lasting impact by embedding antisemitism into English culture. The expulsion edict remained in force for the rest of the Middle Ages. The edict was eventually overturned more than 365 years later, during the Protectorate, when
Oliver Cromwell
informally permitted the resettlement of the Jews in England in 1656.
Edict of Expulsion , expelling the Jews from England in 1290.
Edict of Expulsion (1290-1656)
The Edict of Expulsion was a royal decree issued by Edward I on 18 July 1290 expelling all Jews from the Kingdom of England
The edict was eventually overturned more than 365 years later, during the Protectorate, when
Oliver Cromwell informally permitted the resettlement of the Jews in England in 1656.
The first Jewish communities are recorded in England some time after the Norman Conquest in 1066, moving from William's towns in northern France.
The Church's highest authority, the Holy See,
had placed restrictions on Jews mixing with Christians,
and mandated the wearing of distinctive clothing such as tabula,
or Jewish badges,
at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215
These measures were adopted in England at the Synod of Oxford in 1222.
Church leaders
made the first allegations of ritual child sacrifice, such as crucifixions at Easter in mockery of Christ, and the accusations began to develop themes of conspiracy and occult practices. King Henry III
backed allegations made against Jews of Lincoln
after the death of a boy named Hugh, soon known as Little Saint Hugh.
Such stories coincided with the rise of hostility within the Church to the Jews.
Discontent was further fuelled as the Crown destabilised the loans and debt market. Loans were typically secured through bonds entitling the lender to the debtor's land holdings. Interest rates were relatively high, and debtors tended to be in arrears.
Leaders like Simon de Montfort then used anger at the dispossession of middle ranking landowners to fuel antisemitic violence,
at London (where 500 Jews died), Worcester, Canterbury, and many other towns.
Simon de Montfort expelled the Jews of Leicester in 1231, and in 1275, Edward had permitted the Queen mother Eleanor to expel Jews from her lands and towns.
In 1287, Edward I was in his French provinces in the Duchy of Gascony while trying to negotiate the release of his cousin Charles of Salerno, who was being held captive in Aragon.
On Easter Sunday, Edward broke his collarbone in an 80-foot fall, and was confined to bed for several months. Soon after his recovery, he ordered the local Jews to be expelled from Gascony.
His immediate motivation may have been the need to generate funds for Charles' release, but many historians including Richard Huscroft point out that the money raised by seizures from exiled Jews was negligible and that it was given away to mendicant orders (ie monks), and therefore see the expulsion as a "thank-offering" for Edward's recovery from his injury.
After his release, Charles of Salerno expelled the Jews from his territories in Maine and Anjou in 1289, accusing them of "dwelling randomly" with the Christian population and cohabiting with Christian women. He linked the expulsion to general taxation of the population as "recompense" for lost income. It appears that Edward and Charles learnt from each other's experience.
Expulsion
By the time he returned to England from Gascony in 1289, King Edward I was deeply in debt.
On 18 July, the Edict of Expulsion was issued, some three days after Parliament had gathered.
The text of the edict is lost.
On the Hebrew calendar, this date was 9 Av (Tisha B'Av) 5050,
commemorating the fall of the Temple at Jerusalem; it is unlikely to be a coincidence.
Roth reports that it was noted "with awe" by Jewish chroniclers.
Writs were sent to sheriffs on the same day,
explaining that all Jews were to leave by All Saints' Day,
1 November 1290,
and outlining their duties in the matter.
The Jewish population in England
at the time of the expulsion was relatively small,
perhaps as few as 2,000 people,
although estimates vary.
There were limits on the property that Jews could take with them.
Although a few favoured persons were allowed to sell their homes before they left, the vast majority had to forfeit any outstanding debts, homes or immobile property, including synagogues and cemeteries.
Disposal of Jewish property
The Crown seized Jewish property. Debts with a value of 20,000 pounds were collated from the archae from each town with a Jewish settlement. In December, Hugh of Kendall was appointed to dispose of the property seized from the Jewish refugees, the most valuable of which consisted of houses in London. Some of the property was given away to courtiers, the church and the royal family's circle, in a total of 85 grants. William Burnell received property in Oxford which he later gave to Balliol College, for example, while Queen Eleanor's tailor was granted the synagogue in Canterbury. Sales were mostly completed by spring 1291.
167 and 169 King Street, The Music House, Norwich: one of two surviving Jewish houses dating from before the expulsion. Such properties were forfeit and sold or gifted by the Crown.
There were around 100 converted Jews in the Domus Conversorum, which provided accommodation to Jews that had converted to Christianity.
Four complaints were made to the king in 1376 that some of those trading as Lombards were actually Jews.
Jews began to settle in England after 1656,
and formal equality was achieved by 1858.
According to medieval historian Colin Richmond, English antisemitism left a legacy of neglect of this topic in English historical research as late as the 1990s.
The story of Little Saint Hugh
was repeated as fact in local guidebooks in Lincoln in the 1920s,
and a private school was named after him around the same time.
The logo of the school, which referred to the story, was altered in 2020.
Apology
A Church of England service was held in May 2022,
described by Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby
as a formal "act of repentance",
on the 800th anniversary of the Synod of Oxford in 1222.
The Synod passed a set of laws that restricted Jews' rights to engage with Christians in England
which contributed directly to the expulsion of 1290.
Edict of Expulsion (1290-1656)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion
Edward I was born at the Palace of Westminster on the night of 1718 June 1239,
to King Henry III and Eleanor of Provence.
Edward, an Anglo-Saxon name, was not commonly given among the aristocracy of England after the Norman conquest, but Henry was devoted to the veneration of Edward the Confessor and decided to name his firstborn son after the saint.
Edward I's birth was widely celebrated at the royal court and throughout England, and he was baptised three days later at Westminster Abbey.
Edward I heights was 6 ft 2 in (188 cm).
In youth, his curly hair was blond; in maturity it darkened, and in old age it turned white.
In 1254,
English fears of a Castilian invasion of the English-held province of Gascony
induced King Henry
to arrange a politically expedient
marriage
between
(15yo)
fifteen-year-old
Edward after Edward I, King of England)
and
(13yo) thirteen-year-old
Eleanor,
the half-sister of
King Alfonso X of Castile.
They (Edward and Eleanor)
were married on 1 November 1254
in the Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Castile.
As part of the marriage agreement,
Alfonso X
gave up his claims to Gascony, and
Edward received grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year.
Around the end of November 1254, Edward and Eleanor left Castile and entered Gascony,
where they were warmly received by the populace.
Here, Edward styled himself as "ruling Gascony as prince and lord",
a move that the historian J. S. Hamilton states was a show of his blooming political independence.
From 1254 to 1257,
Edward was under the influence of his mother's relatives, known as the Savoyards,
the most notable of whom was Peter II of Savoy, the Queen's uncle.
After 1257,
Edward became increasingly close to the Lusignan faction
the half-brothers of his father Henry III
led by such men as William de Valence.
This association was significant because the two groups of privileged foreigners were resented by the established English aristocracy, who would be at the centre of the ensuing years' baronial reform movement. Edward's ties to his Lusignan kinsmen were viewed unfavourably by contemporaries, including the chronicler Matthew Paris, who circulated tales of unruly and violent conduct by Edward's inner circle, which raised questions about his personal qualities.
Edward showed independence in political matters as early as 1255, when he sided with the Soler family in Gascony in their conflict with the Colomb family.
Edward took a keen interest in the stories of King Arthur, which were highly popular in Europe during his reign. In 1278 he visited Glastonbury Abbey to open what was then believed to be the tomb of Arthur and Guinevere, recovering "Arthur's crown" from Llywelyn after the conquest of North Wales; his castle-building campaign in Wales drew upon the Arthurian myths in their design and location. He held "Round Table" events in 1284 and 1302, involving tournaments and feasting, and chroniclers compared him and the events at his court to Arthur. In some cases Edward appears to have used his interest in the Arthurian myths to serve his own political interests, including legitimising his rule in Wales and discrediting the Welsh belief that Arthur might return as their political saviour
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
Family
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
First marriage
Stone sculptures of King Edward (left) and Queen Eleanor (right) at Lincoln Cathedral. Both figures are underneath triangular enclosures, and King Edward is depicted taller than his wife.
Stone sculptures of Edward (left) and Eleanor (right) at Lincoln Cathedral
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
By his first wife Eleanor of Castile,
Edward
had at least (14) fourteen children, perhaps as many as (16) sixteen.
Of these,
five daughters survived into adulthood,
but only one son Edward
outlived his father,
becoming King Edward II (b.1284-d.1327) (r.;13071327).
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
Edward's children with Eleanor were:
Katherine (1261 or 12631264)
Joan (12651265)
John (12661271)
Henry (12681274)
Eleanor (12691298)
Unnamed daughter (12711271 or 1272)
Joan (12721307)
Alphonso (12731284)
Margaret (12751333)
Berengaria (12761277 or 1278)
Unnamed child (12781278)
Mary (12781332)
Elizabeth (12821316)
Edward II (12841327)
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
Second marriage
By Margaret of France,
Edward
had two sons, both of whom lived to adulthood,
and a daughter who died as a child.
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
His progeny by Margaret of France were:
Thomas (13001338)
Edmund (13011330)
Eleanor (13061311)
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
A genealogy in the Hailes Abbey chronicle indicates that
John Botetourt
may have been Edward's illegitimate son,
but the claim is unsubstantiated.
_______________________________________________________
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
_________________________
Kings of England
_________________________
The House of Normandie
The Norman counts of Rouen were:
Rollo, 911927
William Longsword, 927942
The Norman dukes of Normandy were:
Richard I, 942996
Richard II, 9961027
Richard III, 10261027
Robert I, 10271035
William, 10351066 (became King of England as William the Conqueror)
The Norman monarchs of England and Normandy were:
William the Conqueror, 10661087
William II, 10871100 (not Duke of Normandy)
Robert II, 10871106 (not King of England)
Henry I, 11001135; 11061135
William Adelin, 1120 (not King of England)
Matilda, 11351153
Stephen (non-agnatic; a member of the House of Blois), 11351154
Norman Count of Flanders:
William Clito (r. 11271128), son of Robert Curthose, great-grandson of Baldwin V, designated by Louis VI of France
Also important to note:
Richard I had a daughter, Emma of Normandy, who was Queen Consort through her two marriages to Aethelred the Unready and Cnut the Great.
House House of Normandy
William Longsword
(+ Sprota )
|
Richard I, Duke of Normandy
Richard I
Richard I, Duke of Normandy
Richard the Fearless (French: Richard Sans-Peur; Old Norse: Jarl Rikard),
the count of Rouen from 942 to 996
Richard I, Duke of Normandy
(+ Gunnor)
|
Richard II
Richard II, Duke of Normandy, (died 28 August 1026),
Richard II
the Good (French: Le Bon),
the duke of Normandy from 996 until 1026.
(+ Judith of Brittany )
|
Robert I, Duke of Normandy
(1000 - 1035)
(22 June 1000 July 1035)
House Normandy
Robert I, Duke of Normandy
Robert the Magnificent
(+ Herleva of Falaise )
|
the first Norman king of England
William I
William I, King of England
William I
(1018-1087) (r. 1035-1087)
William I, King of England ((c.;1028 9 September 1087), (r. 3 July 1035 9 September 1087)
the first Norman king of England
William the Conqueror
William the Bastard
(b.1018-d.1087) (+ Matilda of Flanders )
|
Henry I
Henry I of England
Henry I of England, King of England
(b. c.;1068 d. 1135), (r. 1100-1135). Burial Reading Abbey, Berkshire.
(c.;1068 1 December 1135 (66-67)),
(r. 5 August 1100 1 December 1135)
(c.;1068 1135), (+ Matilda of Scotland )
|
Empress Matilda
(1102-1167)
(c.;7 February 1102 10 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude
Holy Roman Empress
Queen consort of the Romans
Burial Rouen Cathedral, France
+____Spouse1 Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor ;(m. 1114; died 1125)
+____Spouse2 Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou ;(m. 1128; died 1151)
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 7 September 1151), called the Handsome, the Fair (French: le Bel) or Plantagenet, was the Count of Anjou, Touraine and Maine by inheritance from 1129, and also Duke of Normandy by his marriage claim, and conquest, from 1144.
|
Henry II
Henry II, King of England
(1133-1189) (r.1154-1189)
(b. 5 March 1133 - d.6 July 1189 (r. 19 Dec 1154-6 July 1189)
b.1133 -d.1189 (+ Eleanor of Aquitaine )
|
John
John, King of England
(1166-1216)
(b.24 Dec 1166 - d.19 Oct 1216 (46)),
(r. May 1177 - 19 Oct 1246)
r.1199-1216 (+ Isabella, Countess of Angouleme )
|
Henry III, King of England
Henry III
(1207-1272)
(10 Oct 1207 - 16 Nov 1272)
(r. 28 Oct 1216 - 16 Nov 1272)
r.1216-1272 (+ Eleanor of Province)
|
Edward I
Edward I, King of England
(b.1239-d.1307)
b.1239-d.1307 (+ Eleanor of Castile)
r. 1272-1307
|
Edward II
Edward II, King of England
b.1284-d.1327
r.1307-1327 (+ Isabella of France)
|
Edward III, King of England
b. 1327-d.1377
r.1327-1377 (+ Philippa of Hainault)
|
Edward the Black Prince
Edward the Black Prince, (1330-1376)
Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince, (15 June 1330 8 June 1376)
(+ Joan of Kent )
|
Richard II
Richard II of England
b. 6 January 1367, Bordeaux, France
Died c.;14 February 1400 (aged 33), Pontefract Castle, Yorkshire, England
Burial Dominican Friary, Kings Langley, Hertfordshire (14001413), Westminster Abbey, London
Richard II of England
Richard II
(+ Spouse1 Anne of Bohemia ;(m. 1382; died 1394);)
(+ Spouse2 Isabella of Valois ;(m. 1396)
|
------------------------------------------------
Henry IV
Henry IV of England,
Henry IV of England, King of England
Henry Bolingbroke
Father John of Gaunt, son of Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault
Mother Blanche of Lancaster
Henry IV
(1367-1413) (r. 1399--1413)
(c.;April 1367 20 March 1413), (r. 30 September 1399 20 March 1413)
(+ Spouse1 Mary de Bohun ;(m. 1381; died 1394);_
(+ Spouse2 Joan of Navarre ;(m. 1403))
|
Henry V
Henry V of England
------------------------------------------------
Henry V
King of England (more...)
Reign 21 March 1413 31 August 1422
Coronation 9 April 1413
Predecessor Henry IV
Successor Henry VI
---------------------------------------------------------
Regent of France
Regency 21 May 1420 31 August 1422
Monarch Charles VI
Born 16 September 1386 Monmouth Castle, Wales, Kingdom of England
Died 31 August 1422 (aged 35) Chateau de Vincennes, Kingdom of France
Burial 7 November 1422 Westminster Abbey, London
Spouse
Catherine of Valois ;(m. 1420);
Issue Henry VI
House Lancaster
Father Henry IV of England
Mother Mary de Bohun
Henry V of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
|
Henry VI
Henry VI of England
Henry VI
(6 December 1421 21 May 1471)
King of England from 1422 to 1461 , at the age of (9) nine months
King of England from 1470 to 1471
King of France from 1422 to 1453 *disputed ~ at the age of (9) nine months +
The only child of Henry V,
he succeeded to the English throne upon his father's death, at the age of (9) nine months,
and succeeded to the French throne on the death of his maternal grandfather, Charles VI, shortly afterwards.
Henry VI
Henry VI of England
Henry VI
House Lancaster
Father Henry V of England
Mother Catherine of Valois
Henry VI
Born 6 December 1421, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
Died 21 May 1471 (aged 49), Tower of London, London, England
Burial
1471, Chertsey Abbey, Surrey, England;
1484, 12 August 1484, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
Spouse
Margaret of Anjou ;(m. 1445);
Issue
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (Edward of Lancaster)
(13 October 1453 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only son of Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. He was killed aged (17) seventeen at the Battle of Tewkesbury.
Edward's body is buried at Tewkesbury Abbey. His widow, Anne Neville, married the Duke of Gloucester, who eventually succeeded as Richard III in 1483.
Spouse Anne Neville ;(m. 1470)
House Lancaster
Father Henry V of England
Mother Catherine of Valois
Henry VI of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England
|
x House Lancaster
|
Edward IV of England
Edward IV, King of England
b.1442-d.1483
Edward IV
(28 April 1442 9 April 1483)
King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470,
King of England from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483.
He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England
fought between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions between 1455 and 1487.
Edward IV, King of England
Edward IV of England
Father Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
Mother Cecily Neville
Born 28 April 1442, Rouen, Normandy, France
Died 9 April 1483 (aged 40), Westminster, Middlesex, England
Burial 18 April 1483, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Spouse
Elizabeth Woodville ;(m. 1464);
Issue
Elizabeth, Queen of England
Cecily, Viscountess Welles
Edward V of England
Richard, Duke of York
Anne, Lady Howard
Catherine, Countess of Devon
Bridget of York
Arthur, Viscount Lisle (ill.)
House York
Father Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
Mother Cecily Neville
Edward IV of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
|
Edward V
Edward V , King of England
Edward V of England,
( b.1470 - d.1483 ) (r. 9th Apr 1483-25 June 1483 )
House York
Father Edward IV of England
Mother Elizabeth Woodville
Edward V
(2 November 1470 c.;mid-1483 (aged 12))
King of England from 9 April to 25 June 1483.
He succeeded his father, Edward IV, upon the latter's death.
Edward V was never crowned,
and his brief reign was dominated by the influence of his uncle and Lord Protector, the Duke of Gloucester, who deposed him to reign as King Richard III;
this was confirmed by the Act entitled Titulus Regius, which denounced any further claims through his father's heirs.
Edward V and his younger brother Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, were the Princes in the Tower who disappeared after being sent to heavily guarded royal lodgings in the Tower of London. Responsibility for their deaths is widely attributed to Richard III, but the lack of solid evidence and conflicting contemporary accounts allow for other possibilities.
Disappearance
Main article: Princes in the Tower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower
Literature
Fiction
C. Lysah The Little Princes in the Tower (1892)
Elaine M. Alphin Tournament of Time (1994)
Sonya Hartnett - Princes (1997)
Valerie Anand Crown of Roses (1989)
Margaret Campbell Barnes The Tudor Rose (1953)
Emma Darwin A Secret Alchemy (2009)
John M. Ford - The Dragon Waiting: A Masque of History (1983)
Elizabeth George "I, Richard" (short story) (2002)
Philippa Gregory
The White Queen (2009)
The Red Queen (2010)
The Kingmaker's Daughter (2012)
The White Princess (2013)
Margaret Peterson Haddix
Found (2008)
Sent (2009)
Rosemary Hawley Jarman "We Speak No Treason" (1971)
Sharon Kay Penman The Sunne in Splendour (1982)
Elizabeth Peters The Murders of Richard III (1974)
Anne Easter Smith
A Rose for the Crown (2008)
The Daughter of York (2008)
The King's Grace (2009)
Royal Mistress (2013)
Jason Charles The Claws of Time (2017)
William Shakespeare Richard III (circa 1595)
Josephine Tey The Daughter of Time (1951)
George R. R. Martin - A Clash of Kings (1998), where the bodies of two young boys, thought to be princes, are found hanged and burned. Martin's A Game of Thrones is inspired in part by the Wars of the Roses.
Jodi Taylor - Plan for the Worst (2020)
Non-fiction
Horace Walpole Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard III (1768)
Markham, Clements (1906). Richard III: His Life and Character.
Audrey Williamson The Mystery of the Princes (1978)
Giles St. Aubyn The Year of Three Kings, 1483 (Atheneum, 1983)
A. J. Pollard Richard III and the Princes in the Tower (1991)
Alison Weir The Princes in the Tower (1992)
Bert Fields Royal Blood: Richard III and the mystery of the princes (HarperCollins, 1998) (ISBN 0-06-039269-X)
Josephine Wilkinson The Princes in the Tower (2013)
John Ashdown-Hill - The Mythology of the "Princes in the Tower" (2018)
Nathen Amin - Henry VII and the Tudor Pretenders; Simnel, Warbeck and Warwick (2020)
Philippa Langley- The Princes in the Tower: Solving History's Greatest Cold Case (The History Press, 2023)
Television
The first series of the British sitcom Blackadder is set in a comic alternative history where the Princes in the Tower survived and grew to adulthood. Prince Richard, the father of main protagonist Edmund Plantagenet, assumed the throne as Richard IV following the accidental death of Richard III after a Yorkist victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field. There is no explanation of what became of Edward V. According to the show, Henry VII assumed power after the finale and erased Richard IV's reign from history, along with ruining the reputation of Richard III.[107]
An episode of the Canadian children's documentary series Mystery Hunters is dedicated to the unsolved case of the missing princes.
In 1984, Channel 4 broadcast a four-hour "trial"[108] of Richard III on the charge of murdering the princes. The presiding judge was Lord Elwyn-Jones and the barristers were recruited from the Queen's Counsel, but had to remain anonymous. Expert witnesses included David Starkey. The jury was composed of ordinary citizens. The burden of proof was left to the prosecution. The jury found in favour of the defendant.
In 2005 Channel 4 and RDF Media produced a drama entitled Princes in the Tower about the interrogation of Perkin Warbeck, in which Warbeck almost convinces Henry VII that he really is Richard, Duke of York. The real Princes are shown by Margaret Beaufort to be still alive, but insane after many years imprisoned in chains in a cell.
The Black Butler anime episode "His Butler, in an Isolated Castle" features the ghosts of the two young princes.
The 2013 BBC One 10-part TV series The White Queen is an adaptation of Philippa Gregory's novels The White Queen (2009), The Red Queen (2010) and The Kingmaker's Daughter (2012).
The 2017 Starz miniseries The White Princess is an adaptation of Philippa Gregory's novel of the same name which speculates on the fate of Prince Richard.
In 2023, Robert Rinder and Philippa Langley presented a Channel 4 programme, The Princes in the Tower: The New Evidence.[109]
Main article: Princes in the Tower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower
List of people who disappeared mysteriously: pre-1910
Mid-1483
Edward V of England 12 yo age London, England
Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York 9 yo age London, England
The Princes in the Tower,
Edward V of England and Richard of Shrewsbury,
sons of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville,
were placed
in the Tower of London
(which at that time served as a fortress and a royal palace as well as a prison)
by their uncle
Richard III of England.
Neither was ever seen in public again and their fate remains unknown.
The remains of four children that have been found could be the princes,
but they have not been subjected to DNA analysis to positively identify them.
"World Reviewer. Retrieved March 21, 2011". World Reviewer. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
Travis, Alan (5 February 2013). Viner, Katherine; Berkett, Neil; Thomas, Annette (eds.).
"Why the princes in the tower are staying six feet under". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom of Great Britain: Guardian Media Group plc (Scott Trust Limited). ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021.
List of people who disappeared mysteriously: pre-1910
Main article: Princes in the Tower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower
Edward V of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_V_of_England
|
Richard III
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
Richard III
b.1452-1485
Richard III
(2 October 1452 22 August 1485)
King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485.
He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty
and its cadet branch the House of York.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
Richard III
b.1452-1485
Richard III
House York
Father Richard of York
Mother Cecily Neville
Richard III
King of England (more...)
Reign 26 June 1483 22 August 1485
Coronation 6 July 1483
Predecessor Edward V
Successor Henry VII
Richard III
Born 2 October 1452, Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire, England
Died 22 August 1485 (aged 32), Bosworth Field, Leicestershire, England
Burial
25 August 1485, Greyfriars, Leicester
26 March 2015, Leicester Cathedral
Richard III
Spouse
Anne Neville
;
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
Richard III
;(m. 1472; died 1485);
Issue
Detail
Edward, Prince of Wales
John of Gloucester (ill.)
Katherine, Countess of Pembroke (ill.)
House York
Father Richard of York
Mother Cecily Neville
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
Richard was slain, making him the last English king to die in battle.
Henry Tudor then ascended the throne as Henry VII.
Richard's corpse was taken to the nearby town of Leicester and buried without ceremony. His original tomb monument is believed to have been removed during the English Reformation, and his remains were wrongly thought to have been thrown into the River Soar.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
In 2012, an archaeological excavation was commissioned by Philippa Langley with the assistance of the Richard III Society on the site previously occupied by Grey Friars Priory. The University of Leicester identified the human skeleton found at the site as that of Richard III as a result of radiocarbon dating, comparison with contemporary reports of his appearance, identification of trauma sustained at Bosworth and comparison of his mitochondrial DNA with that of two matrilineal descendants of his sister Anne. He was reburied in Leicester Cathedral in 2015.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
His defeat and death at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, marked the end of the Middle Ages in England.
Richard was created Duke of Gloucester in 1461 after the accession of his brother Edward IV.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
In 1472, he married Anne Neville, daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and widow of Edward of Westminster, son of Henry VI.
He governed northern England during Edward's reign, and played a role in the invasion of Scotland in 1482.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
When Edward IV died in April 1483, Richard was named Lord Protector of the realm for Edward's eldest son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
Before arrangements were complete for Edward V's coronation, scheduled for 22 June 1483, the marriage of his parents was declared bigamous and therefore invalid.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
Now officially illegitimate, Edward and his siblings were barred from inheriting the throne.
On 25 June, an assembly of lords and commoners endorsed a declaration to this effect, and proclaimed Richard as the rightful king. He was crowned on 6 July 1483. Edward and his younger brother Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, called the "Princes in the Tower", disappeared from the Tower of London around August 1483.
Accusations were circulating that they had been murdered on King Richard's orders, even before the Tudor dynasty became the established rulers two years later.
Richard III of England
Richard III, King of England
b.1452-1485
Richard III of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England
|
_________________________
_______________________________________________________
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307 r. 1272-1307
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
_______________________________________________________
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #EdwardI #Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
Agnatic descendants of Rollo:
Rollo, d. ~927, Count of Rouen 911-927
William Longsword, 893-942, Count of Rouen 927-942
Richard I of Normandy the Fearless, 932-996, Count of Rouen 942-996
Richard II, Duke of Normandy, the Good, d. 1026, Duke of Normandy 996-1026
Richard III, Duke of Normandy, 998-1027, Duke of Normandy 1026-1027
Nicolas of Normandy (illegitimate), 1027-1092, Abbot of Saint-Ouen 1042-1092
Robert I, Duke of Normandy, the Magnificent, 1000-1035, Duke of Normandy 1027-1035
William the Conqueror (illegitimate but succeeded as duke), 1028-1087, Duke of Normandy 1035-1087, King of England 1066-1087
Robert Curthose, 1051-1134, Duke of Normandy 1087-1106
William Clito, 1102-1128, Count of Flanders 1127-1128
Richard of Normandy, 1054-1070
William II of England, King of England 1087-1100
Henry I of England, King of England 1100-1135, Duke of Normandy 1106-1135
William Adelin, 1103-1120
various illegitimate children
William of Normandy, 1008-1025
Mauger, 1019-1055, Archbishop of Rouen 1037-1053
William of Talou, d. 1086, Count of Arques
Robert II, Archbishop of Rouen 989-1037, Count of Evreux 989-1037, Regent of Normandy 1035-1037
Richard, Count of Evreux, 1015-1067, Count of Evreux 1037-1067
William, Count of Evreux, Count of Evreux 1067-1118
Ralph de Gace, the Ass-Headed, d. 1051
Robert de Gace
William d'Evreux
Hugh De Lacy
multiple children
Mauger, Count of Corbeil, 988-1032
Geoffrey, Count of Eu (illegitimate), d. 1010, Count of Eu 996-1010
descendants
William I, Count of Eu (illegitimate), d. 1057, Count of Eu 1040-1057
descendants
Edward I, King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
_______________________________________________________
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #EdwardII #Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
___________________________________________________________
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward II, King of England
Edward II, King of England
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
Edward II, King of England Aleksandr Balzin
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward II, King of England
Greater than
150
generations
Edward II, King of England
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Y-DNA COMPARISON RESULTS
A comparison of Y-DNA STR markers tested in common between Aleksandr Balzin and Edward II, King of England determined that 4 out of 20 Y-DNA STR markers are matching. Aleksandr Balzin and Edward II, King of England do not share a common ancestor within the last 150 generations.
Edward II, King of England Aleksandr Balzin
DYS19a 15 13 Not Matching
DYS385a 13 16 Not Matching
DYS385b 14 18 Not Matching
DYS388 ? 12 N/A
DYS389i 13 14 Not Matching
DYS389ii 30 33 Not Matching
DYS390 22 25 Not Matching
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS393 14 13 Not Matching
DYS413a ? 24 N/A
DYS413b ? 24 N/A
DYS426 ? 11 N/A
DYS434 ? 9 N/A
DYS435 ? 11 N/A
DYS436 ? 12 N/A
DYS437 16 14 Not Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS444 ? 13 N/A
DYS445 ? 10 N/A
DYS446 ? 12 N/A
DYS447 ? 26 N/A
DYS448 22 20 Not Matching
DYS449 ? 33 N/A
DYS450 ? 8 N/A
DYS452 ? 31 N/A
DYS453 ? 12 N/A
DYS454 ? 11 N/A
DYS455 ? 11 N/A
DYS456 15 15 Matching
DYS458 18 15 Not Matching
DYS459a ? 9 N/A
DYS459b ? 9 N/A
DYS460 ? 9 N/A
DYS461 ? 12 N/A
DYS462 ? 12 N/A
DYS463 ? 18 N/A
DYS464a ? 14 N/A
DYS464b ? 16 N/A
DYS464c ? 17 N/A
DYS468 ? 29 N/A
DYS472 ? 8 N/A
DYS481 21 22 Not Matching
DYS484 ? 12 N/A
DYS485 ? 15 N/A
DYS487 ? 14 N/A
DYS490 ? 12 N/A
DYS492 ? 11 N/A
DYS494 ? 9 N/A
DYS495 ? 15 N/A
DYS505 ? 13 N/A
DYS508 ? 12 N/A
DYS511 ? 10 N/A
DYS518 ? 25 N/A
DYS520 ? 19 N/A
DYS522 ? 12 N/A
DYS527a ? 14 N/A
DYS527b ? 19 N/A
DYS531 ? 10 N/A
DYS533 10 12 Not Matching
DYS534 ? 19 N/A
DYS537 ? 11 N/A
DYS540 ? 11 N/A
DYS549 12 11 Not Matching
DYS557 ? 18 N/A
DYS565 ? 10 N/A
DYS568 ? 12 N/A
DYS572 ? 9 N/A
DYS575 ? 10 N/A
DYS576 15 19 Not Matching
DYS578 ? 8 N/A
DYS588 ? 19 N/A
DYS590 ? 8 N/A
DYS607 ? 12 N/A
DYS612 ? 39 N/A
DYS614 ? 30 N/A
DYS617 ? 15 N/A
DYS626 ? 14 N/A
DYS632 ? 8 N/A
DYS640 ? 11 N/A
DYS641 ? 10 N/A
DYS644 ? 23 N/A
DYS710 ? 17 N/A
DYS711 ? 26 N/A
DYS713 ? 29 N/A
DYS717 ? 19 N/A
GATAA10 ? 13 N/A
GATAC4 21 22 Not Matching
GATAH4 11 12 Not Matching
YCAIIa ? 19 N/A
YCAIIb ? 21 N/A
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
Edward II, King of England Aleksandr Balzin
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward II, King of England
Greater than
150
generations
Edward II, King of England
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
From Wikipedia
Edward II
King Edward
King of England
Edward of Caernarfon
Edward II King of England
b 1284 d 1327
Born 25 April 1284. Caernarfon Castle, Gwynedd, Wales
Died 21 September 1327 (aged 43), Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England
Reign 7 July 1307 13/25 January 1327
Burial 20 December 1327, Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucestershire
Father Edward I, King of England
Mother Eleanor of Castile
Spouse
Isabella of France ;(m. 1308);
Issue
Edward III, King of England
John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
Eleanor, Countess of Guelders
Joan, Queen of Scots
Adam FitzRoy (illegitimate)
House Plantagenet
Edward II
King Edward
King of England
b 1284 d 1327
Reign 7 July 1307 13/25 January 1327
Coronation 25 February 1308
Predecessor Edward I
Successor Edward III
Edward II
(25 April 1284 21 September 1327),
also called
Edward of Caernarfon,
was
King of England
from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.
The fourth son of Edward I,
Edward II became the heir to the throne
following the death of his older brother Alphonso.
Beginning in 1300, Edward II accompanied his father on campaigns to pacify Scotland,
and in 1306 he was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey.
Edward II succeeded to the throne next year, following his father's death.
In 1308, he married Isabella of France, the daughter of the powerful King Philip IV,
as part of a long-running effort to resolve the tensions
between the English and French crowns.
Edward II had a close and controversial relationship with Piers Gaveston, who had joined his household in 1300. The precise nature of Edward and Gaveston's relationship is uncertain; they may have been friends, lovers, or sworn brothers.
In 1308, Edward II 's marriage to Isabella of France proceeded.
Edward II crossed the English Channel to France in January, leaving Gaveston as his custos regni in charge of the kingdom. This arrangement was unusual, and involved unprecedented powers being delegated to Gaveston, backed by a specially engraved Great Seal. Edward II probably hoped that the marriage would strengthen his position in Gascony and bring him much needed funds.
The pair were married in Boulogne on 25 January.
Edward II gave Isabella a psalter as a wedding gift,
and her father gave her gifts worth over 21,000 livres
and a fragment of the True Cross.
The pair returned to England in February.
Isabella was only twelve at the time of her wedding, young even by the standards of the period, and Edward II probably had sexual relations with mistresses during their first few years together.
During this time he fathered an illegitimate son, Adam, who was born possibly as early as 1307.
Edward II and Isabella's first son, the future Edward III, was born in 1312
amid great celebrations, and three more children followed:
John in 1316, Eleanor in 1318 and Joan in 1321.
By February 1326 it was clear that Isabella was involved in a relationship with an exiled Marcher Lord, Roger Mortimer.
Edward's opponents began to gather around Isabella and Mortimer in Paris, and Edward became increasingly anxious about the possibility that Mortimer might invade England.
During August and September 1326, Edward II mobilised his defences along the coasts of England to protect against the possibility of an invasion either by France or by Roger Mortimer.
On 12 January 1327 the leading barons and clergy agreed that Edward II should be removed and replaced by his son.
Shortly after this, a representative delegation of barons, clergy and knights was sent to Kenilworth to speak to the king.
On 20 January 1327, the Earl of Lancaster and the bishops of Winchester and Lincoln met privately with Edward II in the castle. They informed Edward II that if he were to resign as monarch, his son Edward would succeed him, but if he failed to do so, his son might be disinherited as well, and the crown given to an alternative candidate. In tears, Edward II agreed to abdicate, and on 21 January 1327, Sir William Trussell, representing the kingdom as a whole, withdrew his homage and formally ended Edward II 's reign. A proclamation was sent to London, announcing that Edward II, now known as Edward of Caernarvon, had freely resigned his kingdom and that his son Edward III would succeed him. The coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 1 February 1327.
An Anglo-Norman Poem by Edward II, King of England
The poem
'The Lament of Edward II '
("En tenps de iver me survynt damage")
is traditionally credited to Edward II of England,
and thought to have been written during his imprisonment shortly
after he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327.
The poem, in fifteen stanzas, bears the heading
De Le Roi Edward,
le Fiz Roi Edward,
Le Chanson Qe Il Fist Mesmes
("Of the King Edward, son of King Edward, the Song that He Made himself").
DE LE ROI EDWARD LE FIZ ROI EDWARD, LE CHANSON QE IL FIST MESMES
Full Text:
An Anglo-Norman Poem by Edward II, King of England
https://zenodo.org/records/1449846
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
Death (1327)
On 23 September Edward III was informed that his father had died at Berkeley Castle during the night of 21 September. Most historians agree that Edward II did die at Berkeley on that date, although there is a minority view that he died much later. His death was, as Mark Ormrod notes, "suspiciously timely", as it simplified Mortimer's political problems considerably, and most historians believe that Edward probably was murdered on the orders of the new regime, although it is impossible to be certain. Several of the individuals suspected of involvement in the death, including Sir Thomas Gurney, Maltravers and William Ockley, later fled. If Edward died from natural causes, his death may have been hastened by depression following his imprisonment.
The rule of Isabella and Mortimer did not last long after the announcement of Edward's death.
They made peace with the Scots in the Treaty of Northampton, but this move was highly unpopular. Isabella and Mortimer both amassed and spent great wealth, and criticism of them mounted. Relations between Mortimer and Edward III became strained and in 1330 the king Edward III conducted a coup d'etat at Nottingham Castle. He arrested Mortimer and then executed him on fourteen charges of treason, including the murder of Edward II. Edward III's government sought to blame Mortimer for all the recent problems, effectively politically rehabilitating Edward II. Edward III put his mother under arrest but she was released soon after.
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
Edward II's tomb rapidly became a popular site for visitors, probably encouraged by the local monks, who lacked an existing pilgrimage attraction. Visitors donated extensively to the abbey, allowing the monks to rebuild much of the surrounding church in the 1330s. Miracles reportedly took place at the tomb, and modifications had to be made to enable visitors to walk around it in larger numbers.
The chronicler Geoffrey le Baker depicted Edward as a saintly, tortured martyr, and Richard II gave royal support for an unsuccessful bid to have Edward canonised in 1395.
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
The tomb was opened by officials in 1855, uncovering a wooden coffin, still in good condition, and a sealed lead coffin inside it.
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
The tomb remains in what is now Gloucester Cathedral,
and was extensively restored in 2007 and 2008 at a cost of over 100,000 pounds.
Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327, r.1307 till 1327
Edward II
King Edward
King of England
Edward of Caernarfon
Edward II King of England
b 1284 d 1327
Born 25 April 1284. Caernarfon Castle, Gwynedd, Wales
Died 21 September 1327 (aged 43), Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England
Reign 7 July 1307 13/25 January 1327
Burial 20 December 1327, Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucestershire
Father Edward I, King of England
Mother Eleanor of Castile
Spouse
Isabella of France ;(m. 1308);
Issue
Edward III, King of England
John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
Eleanor, Countess of Guelders
Joan, Queen of Scots
Adam FitzRoy (illegitimate)
House Plantagenet
Edward II
King Edward
King of England
b 1284 d 1327
Reign 7 July 1307 13/25 January 1327
Coronation 25 February 1308
Predecessor Edward I
Successor Edward III
Edward II
(25 April 1284 21 September 1327),
also called
Edward of Caernarfon,
was
King of England
from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.
The fourth son of Edward I,
Edward II became the heir to the throne
following the death of his older brother Alphonso.
Edward II
King Edward
King of England
b 1284 d 1327
Reign 7 July 1307 13/25 January 1327
Coronation 25 February 1308
Predecessor Edward I
Successor Edward III
Edward II King of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #EdwardII #Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
---------------------------------------------
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
_____________________________________________________
Edward III, King of England (1312-1377)
King Edward IV (1442-1483)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
----- YDNA TESTS ----
______________________________________________________
__________________
YDNA TEST
__________________
______________________________________________________
Edward III, King of England (1312-1377)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
____________________________________
__________________
YDNA
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward III, King of England
Edward III, King of England
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
Edward III, King of England Aleksandr Balzin
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
YDNA
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward III, King of England
Edward III, King of England
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Y-DNA COMPARISON RESULTS
A comparison of Y-DNA STR markers tested in common between Aleksandr Balzin and Edward III, King of England determined that 4 out of 20 Y-DNA STR markers are matching. Aleksandr Balzin and Edward III, King of England do not share a common ancestor within the last 150 generations.
Edward III, King of England Aleksandr Balzin
DYS19a 15 13 Not Matching
DYS385a 13 16 Not Matching
DYS385b 14 18 Not Matching
DYS388 ? 12 N/A
DYS389i 13 14 Not Matching
DYS389ii 30 33 Not Matching
DYS390 22 25 Not Matching
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS393 14 13 Not Matching
DYS413a ? 24 N/A
DYS413b ? 24 N/A
DYS426 ? 11 N/A
DYS434 ? 9 N/A
DYS435 ? 11 N/A
DYS436 ? 12 N/A
DYS437 16 14 Not Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS444 ? 13 N/A
DYS445 ? 10 N/A
DYS446 ? 12 N/A
DYS447 ? 26 N/A
DYS448 22 20 Not Matching
DYS449 ? 33 N/A
DYS450 ? 8 N/A
DYS452 ? 31 N/A
DYS453 ? 12 N/A
DYS454 ? 11 N/A
DYS455 ? 11 N/A
DYS456 15 15 Matching
DYS458 18 15 Not Matching
DYS459a ? 9 N/A
DYS459b ? 9 N/A
DYS460 ? 9 N/A
DYS461 ? 12 N/A
DYS462 ? 12 N/A
DYS463 ? 18 N/A
DYS464a ? 14 N/A
DYS464b ? 16 N/A
DYS464c ? 17 N/A
DYS468 ? 29 N/A
DYS472 ? 8 N/A
DYS481 21 22 Not Matching
DYS484 ? 12 N/A
DYS485 ? 15 N/A
DYS487 ? 14 N/A
DYS490 ? 12 N/A
DYS492 ? 11 N/A
DYS494 ? 9 N/A
DYS495 ? 15 N/A
DYS505 ? 13 N/A
DYS508 ? 12 N/A
DYS511 ? 10 N/A
DYS518 ? 25 N/A
DYS520 ? 19 N/A
DYS522 ? 12 N/A
DYS527a ? 14 N/A
DYS527b ? 19 N/A
DYS531 ? 10 N/A
DYS533 10 12 Not Matching
DYS534 ? 19 N/A
DYS537 ? 11 N/A
DYS540 ? 11 N/A
DYS549 12 11 Not Matching
DYS557 ? 18 N/A
DYS565 ? 10 N/A
DYS568 ? 12 N/A
DYS572 ? 9 N/A
DYS575 ? 10 N/A
DYS576 15 19 Not Matching
DYS578 ? 8 N/A
DYS588 ? 19 N/A
DYS590 ? 8 N/A
DYS607 ? 12 N/A
DYS612 ? 39 N/A
DYS614 ? 30 N/A
DYS617 ? 15 N/A
DYS626 ? 14 N/A
DYS632 ? 8 N/A
DYS640 ? 11 N/A
DYS641 ? 10 N/A
DYS644 ? 23 N/A
DYS710 ? 17 N/A
DYS711 ? 26 N/A
DYS713 ? 29 N/A
DYS717 ? 19 N/A
GATAA10 ? 13 N/A
GATAC4 21 22 Not Matching
GATAH4 11 12 Not Matching
YCAIIa ? 19 N/A
YCAIIb ? 21 N/A
__________________
YDNA TEST
__________________
__________________
YDNA
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward III, King of England
Edward III, King of England
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
Edward III, King of England Aleksandr Balzin
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
YDNA
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against Edward III, King of England
______________________________________________________
Edward III, King of England (1312-1377)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
____________________________________
__________________
Edward III, King of England (1312-1377)
______________________________________________________
Edward III of England
Edward III
Edward of Windsor
(13 November 1312 21 June 1377)
, also known as
Edward of Windsor
before his accession,
was King of England
from January 1327 until his death in 1377 (for 50 years).
Edward III of England
Edward III
Edward of Windsor
(13 November 1312 21 June 1377)
Father Edward II of England
Mother Isabella of France
House Plantagenet
Edward III of England
Reign 25 January 1327 21 June 1377
Coronation 1 February 1327
Predecessor Edward II
Successor Richard II
Regent Isabella of France, Roger Mortimer (13271330)
Born 13 November 1312
Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England
Died 21 June 1377 (aged 64)
Sheen Palace, Richmond, London, England
Burial 5 July 1377
Westminster Abbey, London
Spouse Philippa of Hainault
;;(m. 1328; died 1369);
Issue
1. Edward the Black Prince / Edward the Black Prince (13301376)
2. Isabella, Countess of Bedford / Isabella of England (1332 c.;1382)
3. William of Hatfield (13371337)
4. Joan / Joan of England (1333/41348), died of the black death
5. Lionel, Duke of Clarence / Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (13381368)
6. John, Duke of Lancaster / John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (13401399)
7. Edmund, Duke of York / Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (13411402)
8. Blanche (13421342)
9. Mary, Duchess of Brittany / Mary of Waltham (13441361)
10. Margaret, Countess of Pembroke / Margaret (Countess of Pembroke) (13461361)
11. William of Windsor (13481348)
12. Thomas, Duke of Gloucester / Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (13551397)
More:
Issue of Edward III of England
1. Edward the Black Prince (13301376), eldest son and heir apparent, born at Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire. He predeceased his father, having in 1361 married his cousin Joan, Countess of Kent, by whom he had issue: King Richard II.[201]
2. Isabella of England (1332 c.;1382), born at Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire, in 1365 married Enguerrand VII de Coucy, 1st Earl of Bedford, by whom she had issue.
3. William of Hatfield (13371337), second son, born at Hatfield Manor House, Hatfield, South Yorkshire, died shortly after birth and was buried in York Minster.[189]
4. Joan of England (1333/41348), born in the Tower of London; she was betrothed to Peter of Castile but died of the black death en route to Castile before the marriage could take place. Peter's two daughters from his union with Mar;a de Padilla married Joan's younger brothers John of Gaunt and Edmund of Langley.
5. Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (13381368), third son (second surviving son), born at Antwerp in the Duchy of Brabant, where his father was based.[202] In 1352 he married firstly Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster, without male issue, but his female issue was the senior royal ancestor of the Yorkist king Edward IV: Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster. Descent from Lionel was the basis of the Yorkist claim to the throne, not direct paternal descent from the 1st Duke of York, a more junior line. Secondly, in 1368, Lionel married Violante Visconti, without issue.[203]
6. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (13401399), Edward's third surviving son,[204] was born at "Gaunt" (Ghent) in the County of Flanders, which city was an important buyer of English wool, then the foundation of English prosperity.[205] In 1359, he married firstly his distant cousin the great heiress Blanche of Lancaster, descended from the 1st Earl of Lancaster, a younger son of King Henry III.[206] By Blanche he had issue: Henry of Bolingbroke, who became King Henry IV, having seized the throne from his first cousin King Richard II.[207][208] In 1371, he married secondly the Infanta Constance of Castile,[209] by whom he had issue. In 1396, he married thirdly, his mistress Katherine Swynford,[210] by whom he had illegitimate issue, later legitimised as the House of Beaufort.[211]
7. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (13411402), fifth son (fourth surviving son), born at Kings Langley Palace, Hertfordshire. He married firstly Isabella of Castile, by whom he had issue, sister of Constance of Castile, second wife of his elder brother John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. Secondly, in 1392 he married his second cousin Joan Holland, without issue.[212] His great-grandson (the 4th Duke of York) became King Edward IV in 1461, having deposed his half-second cousin the Lancastrian King Henry VI.[213]
8. Blanche (13421342), born in the Tower of London, died shortly after birth and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
9. Mary of Waltham (13441361), born at Bishop's Waltham, Hampshire; in 1361 she married John IV, Duke of Brittany, without issue.
10. Margaret (Countess of Pembroke) (13461361), born at Windsor Castle; in 1359 she married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, without issue.
11. William of Windsor (13481348), sixth son, born before 24 June 1348 at Windsor Castle, died in infancy probably on 9 July 1348, buried on 5 September 1348 in Westminster Abbey.[214]
12. Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (13551397), seventh son (fifth surviving son), born at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire; in 1376 he married Eleanor de Bohun, by whom he had issue.[215]
House Plantagenet
He is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. His fifty-year reign was one of the longest in English history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #EdwardII #Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
______________________________________________________
Edward IV, King of England (1442-1483), (r. -1483)
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
King Edward IV (1442-1483)
__________________________________________________
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against King Edward IV
King Edward IV
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
Greater than
150
generations
Y-DNA COMPARISON RESULTS
A comparison of Y-DNA STR markers tested in common between Aleksandr Balzin and King Edward IV determined that 4 out of 20 Y-DNA STR markers are matching. Aleksandr Balzin and King Edward IV do not share a common ancestor within the last 150 generations.
King Edward IV Aleksandr Balzin
DYS19a 15 13 Not Matching
DYS385a 13 16 Not Matching
DYS385b 14 18 Not Matching
DYS388 ? 12 N/A
DYS389i 13 14 Not Matching
DYS389ii 30 33 Not Matching
DYS390 22 25 Not Matching
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS393 14 13 Not Matching
DYS413a ? 24 N/A
DYS413b ? 24 N/A
DYS426 ? 11 N/A
DYS434 ? 9 N/A
DYS435 ? 11 N/A
DYS436 ? 12 N/A
DYS437 16 14 Not Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS444 ? 13 N/A
DYS445 ? 10 N/A
DYS446 ? 12 N/A
DYS447 ? 26 N/A
DYS448 22 20 Not Matching
DYS449 ? 33 N/A
DYS450 ? 8 N/A
DYS452 ? 31 N/A
DYS453 ? 12 N/A
DYS454 ? 11 N/A
DYS455 ? 11 N/A
DYS456 15 15 Matching
DYS458 18 15 Not Matching
DYS459a ? 9 N/A
DYS459b ? 9 N/A
DYS460 ? 9 N/A
DYS461 ? 12 N/A
DYS462 ? 12 N/A
DYS463 ? 18 N/A
DYS464a ? 14 N/A
DYS464b ? 16 N/A
DYS464c ? 17 N/A
DYS468 ? 29 N/A
DYS472 ? 8 N/A
DYS481 21 22 Not Matching
DYS484 ? 12 N/A
DYS485 ? 15 N/A
DYS487 ? 14 N/A
DYS490 ? 12 N/A
DYS492 ? 11 N/A
DYS494 ? 9 N/A
DYS495 ? 15 N/A
DYS505 ? 13 N/A
DYS508 ? 12 N/A
DYS511 ? 10 N/A
DYS518 ? 25 N/A
DYS520 ? 19 N/A
DYS522 ? 12 N/A
DYS527a ? 14 N/A
DYS527b ? 19 N/A
DYS531 ? 10 N/A
DYS533 10 12 Not Matching
DYS534 ? 19 N/A
DYS537 ? 11 N/A
DYS540 ? 11 N/A
DYS549 12 11 Not Matching
DYS557 ? 18 N/A
DYS565 ? 10 N/A
DYS568 ? 12 N/A
DYS572 ? 9 N/A
DYS575 ? 10 N/A
DYS576 15 19 Not Matching
DYS578 ? 8 N/A
DYS588 ? 19 N/A
DYS590 ? 8 N/A
DYS607 ? 12 N/A
DYS612 ? 39 N/A
DYS614 ? 30 N/A
DYS617 ? 15 N/A
DYS626 ? 14 N/A
DYS632 ? 8 N/A
DYS640 ? 11 N/A
DYS641 ? 10 N/A
DYS644 ? 23 N/A
DYS710 ? 17 N/A
DYS711 ? 26 N/A
DYS713 ? 29 N/A
DYS717 ? 19 N/A
GATAA10 ? 13 N/A
GATAC4 21 22 Not Matching
GATAH4 11 12 Not Matching
YCAIIa ? 19 N/A
YCAIIb ? 21 N/A
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against King Edward IV
King Edward IV
[125 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
Greater than
150
generations
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
__________________________________________________
King Edward IV (1442-1483)
__________________________________________________
King Edward IV (1442-1483)
Edward IV of England
Edward IV, King of England
b.1442-d.1483
Edward IV
(28 April 1442 9 April 1483)
King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470,
King of England from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483.
He was a central figure in the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars in England
fought between the Yorkist and Lancastrian factions between 1455 and 1487.
Edward IV, King of England
Edward IV of England
Father Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
Mother Cecily Neville
Born 28 April 1442, Rouen, Normandy, France
Died 9 April 1483 (aged 40), Westminster, Middlesex, England
Burial 18 April 1483, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Spouse
Elizabeth Woodville ;(m. 1464);
Issue
Elizabeth, Queen of England
Cecily, Viscountess Welles
Edward V of England
Richard, Duke of York
Anne, Lady Howard
Catherine, Countess of Devon
Bridget of York
Arthur, Viscount Lisle (ill.)
House York
Father Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
Mother Cecily Neville
Edward IV of England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
Family tree of English monarchs (Sympli
Family tree of English monarchs
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King
#RichardIII #Richard #III
#Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/751
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/3096
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
__________________________________________________
King Richard III (1452-1485)
__________________________________________________
-------------------------------------------------------
YDNA
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against King Richard III
King Richard III
[23 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
Greater than
150
generations
Y-DNA COMPARISON RESULTS
A comparison of Y-DNA STR markers tested in common between Aleksandr Balzin and King Richard III determined that 4 out of 20 Y-DNA STR markers are matching. Aleksandr Balzin and King Richard III do not share a common ancestor within the last 150 generations.
King Richard III Aleksandr Balzin
DYS19a 15 13 Not Matching
DYS385a 13 16 Not Matching
DYS385b 14 18 Not Matching
DYS388 ? 12 N/A
DYS389i 13 14 Not Matching
DYS389ii 30 33 Not Matching
DYS390 22 25 Not Matching
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS393 14 13 Not Matching
DYS413a ? 24 N/A
DYS413b ? 24 N/A
DYS426 ? 11 N/A
DYS434 ? 9 N/A
DYS435 ? 11 N/A
DYS436 ? 12 N/A
DYS437 16 14 Not Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS444 ? 13 N/A
DYS445 ? 10 N/A
DYS446 ? 12 N/A
DYS447 ? 26 N/A
DYS448 22 20 Not Matching
DYS449 ? 33 N/A
DYS450 ? 8 N/A
DYS452 ? 31 N/A
DYS453 ? 12 N/A
DYS454 ? 11 N/A
DYS455 ? 11 N/A
DYS456 15 15 Matching
DYS458 18 15 Not Matching
DYS459a ? 9 N/A
DYS459b ? 9 N/A
DYS460 ? 9 N/A
DYS461 ? 12 N/A
DYS462 ? 12 N/A
DYS463 ? 18 N/A
DYS464a ? 14 N/A
DYS464b ? 16 N/A
DYS464c ? 17 N/A
DYS468 ? 29 N/A
DYS472 ? 8 N/A
DYS481 21 22 Not Matching
DYS484 ? 12 N/A
DYS485 ? 15 N/A
DYS487 ? 14 N/A
DYS490 ? 12 N/A
DYS492 ? 11 N/A
DYS494 ? 9 N/A
DYS495 ? 15 N/A
DYS505 ? 13 N/A
DYS508 ? 12 N/A
DYS511 ? 10 N/A
DYS518 ? 25 N/A
DYS520 ? 19 N/A
DYS522 ? 12 N/A
DYS527a ? 14 N/A
DYS527b ? 19 N/A
DYS531 ? 10 N/A
DYS533 10 12 Not Matching
DYS534 ? 19 N/A
DYS537 ? 11 N/A
DYS540 ? 11 N/A
DYS549 12 11 Not Matching
DYS557 ? 18 N/A
DYS565 ? 10 N/A
DYS568 ? 12 N/A
DYS572 ? 9 N/A
DYS575 ? 10 N/A
DYS576 15 19 Not Matching
DYS578 ? 8 N/A
DYS588 ? 19 N/A
DYS590 ? 8 N/A
DYS607 ? 12 N/A
DYS612 ? 39 N/A
DYS614 ? 30 N/A
DYS617 ? 15 N/A
DYS626 ? 14 N/A
DYS632 ? 8 N/A
DYS640 ? 11 N/A
DYS641 ? 10 N/A
DYS644 ? 23 N/A
DYS710 ? 17 N/A
DYS711 ? 26 N/A
DYS713 ? 29 N/A
DYS717 ? 19 N/A
GATAA10 ? 13 N/A
GATAC4 21 22 Not Matching
GATAH4 11 12 Not Matching
YCAIIa ? 19 N/A
YCAIIb ? 21 N/A
YDNA
Compare Aleksandr Balzin Against King Richard III
King Richard III
[23 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Aleksandr Balzin
[91 Y-DNA STR Markers Tested]
Greater than
150
generations
4/20
matching markers
DYS391 10 10 Matching
DYS392 11 11 Matching
DYS439 12 12 Matching
DYS456 15 15 Matching
4/20
matching markers
Greater than
150
generations
Y-DNA COMPARISON RESULTS
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
Family tree of English monarchs (Sympli
Family tree of English monarchs
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/751
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/3096
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/751
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/3096
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #RichardIII
#Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
This project has 15 DNA profiles for comparison.
Was King Richard III really of royal blood?
The story behind this project
King Richard III is often accused of being a usurper for seizing the throne from its rightful owner, young Edward V. But is it possible that Richard III never even had a rightful claim to the throne, and was illegitimate? DNA testing of his remains raises the possibility that King Richard III wasnt the great-great-grandson of King Edward III.
The reign of King Richard III
King Richard III became king under controversial circumstances. In 1483, when his health began to fail, King Edward IV made his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, the Lord Protector of his twelve-year-old son Edward V, who was the heir to the throne.
King Richard III
Young Edward V reigned as King for the two brief months following his fathers death, but he was never crowned. Instead, the statute of Titulus Regius issued by the Parliament of England declared Richard as the new king.
The reason? Richard had received information about a prior marriage of King Edward IV to lady Eleanor Butler. This invalidated his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville and deemed their children, including Edward V, illegitimate.
Some historians claim Richard himself originated these rumors. What's more, shortly after Richards coronation, Edward V and his younger brother made their last public appearance. The 'princes in the tower' as they are known were never seen again in public. Rumors swirled that the young boys had been murdered upon Richards instructions.
Upon the death of King Edward IV in 1483, Edward V (the heir to the throne) was brought to London and housed in the Towers of London. His younger brother Richard, Duke of York later joined him. The 'Princes in the Tower' were taken to inner apartments of the Towers following the coronation of King Richard and were never seen again.
This controversial rise to power cause much conflict and rebellion during King Richard's rein. They ultimately lead to his death in the Battle of Bosworth Field.
Following his death, Richards body was hastily buried without much fanfare in a tomb in Greyfriars Church in Leicester. This church and Richards tombstone were destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the late 1530s. There were numerous developments in the area over the next 400 years, which hid the site of the old church, the tombs and church garden. Richards remains were thought to be lost forever.
Discovery of the remains of King Richard III
In 2012, a search began for the remains of King Richard III. The search was led by Philippa Langley a member of the Richard III Society (Looking for Richard Project) in association with archaeologists on the University of Leicester and the Leicester City Council. They discovered a skeleton during an excavation of a city council car park in the approximate location of the Greyfriars Church.
Skeleton of Richard III at excavation. S=sacral sample. C1=skull control sample. C2=control sample from outside grave. (Image from Mitchell PD et al. (2013) The Lancet).
The skeleton was believed to belong to King Richard for several reasons. The body was of an adult male and radiocarbon dating placed the skeleton in the correct time period. The description of the skeleton also closely matched with the appearance of Richard from contemporary reports.
3D model of King Richard IIIs spine created by laser sintering shows evidence of scoliosis. (Image from Appleby J et al. (2014) The Lancet)
There was evidence of severe scoliosis (a condition that curves the spine), and Richard was known to have one shoulder higher than the other. Forensic pathologists also identified a number of injuries such as the mortal battlefield wound to the back of the skull that Richard was reported to have suffered.
DNA testing was performed using both mitochondrial DNA (matching to maternal relatives) and Y-DNA (matching to paternal relatives) to confirm the identify of the remains.
Male line relatives are generally easier to trace than female line relatives. However, male lines are also easily confused because of false paternity events (adultery). False paternity events are much more common, since they are easier to hide than false maternity events.
Identifying King Richard III based on his mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an excellent option to confirm the identity of the ancient skeletal remains. There are many copies of mtDNA in a single cell and they evolve at a rapid rate. Both males and females inherit mtDNA from their mother. However, only females will pass the mtDNA down to the next generation, providing a way of tracing maternal ancestry.
Family tree showing the relationships between King Richard III and the supposedly paternally related Somersets (left side), and between King Richard III and the maternally related Michael Ibsen and Wendy Duldig (right side).
Although King Richard III did not pass his mtDNA to any future generations, his mtDNA profile was identical to that of his mother and siblings, including Anne of York. Researchers identified two living maternal descendants of Anne of York Michael Ibsen and Wendy Duldig. They agreed to provide DNA samples for the study.
mtDNA regions
Regions of mtDNA amenable to DNA analysis
Three regions of the mtDNA can be analyzed HVR1, HVR2 and the coding region. Profiles were generated for all three regions for the skeletal remains discovered in Leicester and for Michael Ibsen and Wendy Duldig.
The skeletal mtDNA profile was a perfect match to the mtDNA profile of Ibsen. There was only a single base pair difference when compared to Duldig. Since this mtDNA profile is extremely rare, the positive match provides strong genetic evidence that the remains indeed belong to King Richard III.
Y-DNA profile questions Richard's succession
The researchers next analyzed the paternally inherited Y-DNA from King Richard IIIs skeletal remains, to provide further genetic evidence that they have been correctly identified.
Y-DNA STR markers are used to confirm paternal ancestry
Based on published sources for ennobled and titled lineages, five living paternal line descendants of Henry Somerset (5th Duke of Beaufort) were identified. Historical family trees show that Henry Somerset and King Richard III share a common paternal ancestor King Edward III. This means the paternal descendants of Henry Somerset, including the five analyzed in this study, should share the same Y-DNA profile as King Richard III.
However, this was not the case! Four of the individuals tested had the same Y-DNA profile, but it was different from the profile of King Richard III. The fifth individual (referred to as Somerset 3) had a Y-DNA profile that was entirely different from the other four.
What does this mean? At least two non-paternity events (infidelity) have happened somewhere in the family tree creating false paternal lineages.
Where did the non-paternity events occur?
Lets start with the Y-DNA profile of Somerset 3. This can be explained by an infidelity that occurred within the last four generations.
King Edward III
But, exactly where the second infidelity event happened cant be confirmed based on the current genetic data. It may have been in the Beaufort line between King Edward III and the 19-21 generations to the five living descendants analyzed in this study.
Or was there infidelity in the royal line between King Edward III and his great-great-grandson King Richard III? If so, which historical English kings and queens actually had legitimate claims to the throne?
King Richard IIIs successor, King Henry VII, claimed the throne by right of conquest rather than inheritance; hence any potential non-paternity events do not affect his, and his descendants claim to the throne. The legitimacy of the current queen is also not in question, as it was set through the 1701 Act of Settlement.
But, if the infidelity occurred between King Richard III and his great-great-grandfather King Edward III, then the controversial King Richard III never actually had a legitimate claim to the throne!
Did you descend from the same lineage as King Richard III?
These DNA tests have defined the mtDNA profile and Y-DNA profile of King Richard III. If you have taken either the DNA Maternal Ancestry, and/or the DNA Paternal Ancestry, you can see if you may have descended from the same lineage.
A similar mtDNA profile indicates that you share a maternal lineage with the likes of Lady Joan Beaufort, Lady Cecily Neville, Anne of York, and Anne St Leger. A similar Y-DNA profile means that you share a paternal lineage with the controversial King Richard III and his notable paternal ancestors, including King Henry III and the three English King Edwards (I, II and III).
Of course, this only holds true if there are no non-paternity events in this royal line! Richard himself and his brother Edward IV had no known surviving paternal descendants. Richards son died at age 10, and Edward IVs young sons mysteriously disappeared under Richards reign.
Reference:
King TE et al.(2014) Identification of the remains of King Richard III. Nat Commun.5:5631.
Are you ready to explore your ties to King Richard III and the House of York?
Family tree of English monarchs
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/751
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/3096
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #RichardIII
#Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin
Family tree of English monarchs
Family tree of English monarchs
Family tree of English monarchs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the family tree for monarchs of England (and Wales after 1282) from Alfred the Great to Elizabeth I of England. The House of Wessex family tree precedes this family tree and the family tree of the British royal family follows it.
As to the medieval histories of Scotland and Wales:
The family tree of Scottish monarchs covers the same period in Scotland and, equally as shown, directly precedes the family tree of the British royal family.
The family tree of Welsh monarchs is relevant before the 1282 conquest by England.
For a simplified family tree see family tree of British monarchs (and alternative successions of the English and British crown for unsuccessful claimants' family trees).
Key
; ;: The red border (bold or thin) indicates monarchs
;: The bold black border indicates children of monarchs
;: The thin black border indicates other relatives
Family tree of English monarchs
Houses of Wessex, Kn;tlinga and Godwinson
(see Wessex family tree)
Alfred the Great
the Great
849899
King of Wessex
r.;871899 Ealhswith
d.;902
AE thelred, Lord of the Mercians
d.;911
AE thelflAE d
c.;870918
Lady of the Mercians Ecgwynn Edward the Elder
c.;874/877924
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r.;899924 Eadgifu of Kent
c.;903966 AE lfflAE d (wife of Edward the Elder) AE thelweard (son of Alfred)
d.;920 or 922 AE lfthryth, Countess of Flanders
877929 Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders
the Bald
c.;865918
AE lfwynn
Ruler of Mercia
b.;c.;888 AE thelstan
c.;893/895939
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r.;924927
King of the English
r.;927939 AE lfweard of Wessex
c.;902924 Charles the Simple
879929
King of Western Francia Eadgifu of Wessex
902after955 Herbert III of Omois
910980/985 Edwin, son of Edward the Elder
d.;933
AE lfgifu
of Shaftesbury Saint Elgiva
d.;944 Edmund I
921946
King of the English
r.;939946 AE thelflAE d of Damerham
Eadred
923955
King of the English
r.;946955 Eadburh of Winchester
d.;960 Eadgyth of England
910946 Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
912973
Eadhild
d.;937 Hugh
the Great
898956
Duke of the Franks
Sigrid
the Haughty
(?) Sweyn
Forkbeard
9631014
King of the English
r.;10131014 Gunhild
of Wenden
AE lfgifu, wife of Eadwig Eadwig
All-Fair
d.;959
King of England
r.;955959 AEthelflAE d Edgar I
the Peaceful
c.;943975
King of England
r.;959975 AElfthryth, wife of Edgar
c.;9451000/1001 Harald II
c.;996998c.;1018
King of Denmark Estrid Svendsdatter
990/9971057/1073 Richard I of Normandy
933996
Comte de Rouen
Edward
the Martyr
c.;962978
King of England
r.;975978 Edmund
c.;966 c.;970 AE lfgifu
of York
fl.;c.;9701002 AE thelred
the Unready
c.;9661016
King of the English
r.;9781013 r.;10141016 Emma
of Normandy
c.;9851052 Cnut
the Great
c.;985/9951035
King of England
r.;10161035 AE lfgifu
of Northampton
c.;990after1040 Richard II
9631026
Duke of Normandy
AE thelstan
AE theling
980s1014 Edmund II
Ironside
c.;9901016
King of the English
r.;1016 Ealdgyth (floruit 10151016)
c.;992-after1016 Eadred
AE theling
d.;c.;1012 Eadwig
AE theling
d.;1017 Godwin
10011053
Earl of Wessex Harthacnut
c.;10181042
King of the English
r.;10401042 Gunhilda
of Denmark
c.;10201038 Svein
Knutsson
c.;10161035
King of Norway Harold I
Harefoot
c.;10151040
King of England
r.;1035/10371040
Edmund
AE theling
c.;1015/1017before1054 Edward
the Exile
10161057 Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile
before1030after1070 Harold Godwinson
c.;10221066
King of the English
r.;1066 Edith
of Wessex
c.;10251075 Edward
the Confessor
1003/10051066
King of the English
r.;10421066 Alfred Aetheling
d.;1036 Godgifu, daughter of AE thelred the Unready
1004c.;1047 Robert I
10001035
Duke of Normandy
Edgar II
the AE theling
c.;10511126
King of England
r.;1066 Cristina, daughter of Edward the Exile
d.;c.;1100 Saint Margaret of Scotland
c.;10451093 Malcolm III of Scotland
c.;10311093
King of Scots Gytha
of Wessex
d.;1098/1107 Gunhild
of Wessex William I
the Conqueror
c.;10281087
King of England
r.;10661087
Matilda
of Scotland
c.;10801118 Henry I of England
c.;10681135
King of England
r.;11001135
House of Normandy
Houses of Normandy and Blois
Main articles: House of Normandy and House of Blois
See also: Template:England's Norman rulers family tree
Robert I
10001035
Duke of Normandy Herleva
of Falaise
c.;1003 c.;1050
William I
The Conqueror
c.;10281087
r.;10661087 Matilda
of Flanders
c.;10311083 Malcolm III
d.;1093
King of Scotland
Robert II
of Normandy
c.;10541134 Richard (son of William the Conqueror)
of Normandy
c.;1054 c.;1070 Adeliza
of Normandy
c.;1055before1113 Cecilia
of Normandy
c.;10561126 William II of England
Rufus
c.;10561100
r.;10871100 Agatha
of Normandy
c.;1064 c.;1080 Constance
of Normandy
c.;10661090 Stephen
c.;10451102
Count of Blois Adela
of Normandy
c.;10671137 Matilda
of Scotland
c.;10801118 Henry I of England
Beauclerc
c.;10681135
r.;11001135 Adeliza
of Louvain
11031151
Fulk
1089/10921143
Count of Anjou
King of Jerusalem Matilda
c.;11051152
Countess of Boulogne Stephen
of Blois
c.;10921154
r.;11351141 r.;11411154 Others
Louis VI
10811137
King of the Franks William Clito
11021128 Sibylla
of Anjou
c.;11121165 Geoffrey Plantagenet
11131151
Count of Anjou Empress Matilda
c.;11021167
r.;1141
Disputed Henry V
10861125
Holy Roman Emperor William Adelin
11031120
Duke of Normandy and King-Designate Matilda
of Anjou
c.;11111154
Louis VII
11201180
King of the Franks Constance
of France
11241176
Countess of Toulouse Eustace IV
c.;11291153
Count of Boulogne Matthew
c.;11371173
Count of Boulogne Marie I
11361182
Countess of Boulogne William I
c.;11371159
Count of Boulogne House of Plantagenet
House of Plantagenet
Main article: House of Plantagenet
Geoffrey Plantagenet
11131151
Count of Anjou Empress Matilda
c.;11021167
r.;1141
Disputed
Louis VII
11201180
King of France Eleanor
of Aquitaine
c.;11221204 Henry II
11331189
r.;11541189 Geoffrey
11341158
Count of Nantes William X
of Poitou
11361163/1164
William IX
11531156
Count of Poitiers Margaret
of France
11571197 Henry the Young King
11551183
Duke of Normandy Matilda
11561189 Henry III
The Lion
11291195
Duke of Saxony Geoffrey II
11581186
Duke of Brittany Constance
11611201 Eleanor
11621214 Alfonso VIII
11551214
King of Castile William II
11551189
King of Sicily Joan
11651199 Raymond VI
11561222
Count of Toulouse
House of Welf Berengaria
of Navarre
c.;11651230 Richard I
Lionheart
11571199
r.;11891199 Isabella of Angoul;me
11881246 John
Lackland
11661216
r.;11991216 Isabel
c.;11731217
Countess of Gloucester Eleanor
of Brittany
c.;11841241 Matilda of Brittany
1185before1189 Arthur I
11871203
Duke of Brittany House of Burgundy Bohemond
Duke of Apulia House of Rouergue
Eleanor
of Provence
c.;12231291 Henry III
12071272
r.;12161272 Isabel Marshal
12001240 Richard
12091272
Earl of Cornwall Sanchia
of Provence
c.;12281261 Joan
12101238 Alexander II
11981249
King of Scotland Isabella
12141241 Frederick II
11941250
Holy Roman Emperor Simon de Montfort
12081265
Earl of Leicester Eleanor
12151275 William Marshal
11901231
Earl of Pembroke
Henry
of Almain
12351271 Richard
of Cornwall Edmund
12491300
Earl of Cornwall House of Hohenstaufen
Philip III
12451285
King of France Ferdinand III
1199/12011252
King of Castile Henry de Montfort
12381265 Simon de Montfort the Younger
12401271 Amaury de Montfort
12421301 Richard de Montfort
12521266 Joanna de Montfort
1248/1251 Guy de Montfort
1244c.;1288
Count of Nola Margherita Aldobrandesca Eleanor de Montfort
12521282
Princess of Wales Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
c.;12231282
Prince of Wales
Eleanor
of Castile
12411290 Edward I
Longshanks
12391307
r.;12721307 Margaret
of France
12791318 Katherine
12531257 Aveline de Forz
12591274
Countess of Aumale Edmund Crouchback
12451296
Earl of Lancaster Blanche
of Artois
12481302 Beatrice
12421275 John II
12391305
Duke of Brittany Margaret
12401275 Alexander III
12411286
King of Scotland
House of Dreux House of Dunkeld
Philip IV
12681314
King of France Katherine
c.;12611264 Joan
1265 John
12661271 Henry
12671274 Eleanor
12691298 Henry III
12591302
Count of Bar Gilbert de Clare
12431295
Earl of Gloucester Joan
of Acre
12721307 Ralph de Monthermer
c.;12701325
Baron Monthermer
Isabella
of France
c.;12951358 Edward II
12841327
r.;13071327 Alphonso
12731284
Earl of Chester Margaret
12751333 John II
12751312
Duke of Brabant Berengaria
12761278 Mary
of Woodstock
1279c.;1332 John I
12841299
Count of Holland Elizabeth
of Rhuddlan
12821316 Humphrey de Bohun
12761322
Earl of Hereford
Alice Hayles Thomas
of Brotherton
13001338
Earl of Norfolk Mary Braose Edmund
of Woodstock
13011330
Earl of Kent Margaret Wake
c.;12971349
Baroness Wake of Liddell Eleanor
13061310
Philippa
of Hainault
13141369 Edward III
13121377
r.;13271377 John
of Eltham
13161336
Earl of Cornwall Eleanor
of Woodstock
13181355 Reginald II
c.;12951343
Duke of Guelders Joan
of the Tower
13211362 David II
13241371
King of Scotland
Isabella
13321379/1382 Enguerrand VII
13401397
Lord of Coucy, Earl of Bedford Joan
13351348 William of Hatfield
1337 Mary
of Waltham
13441362 John IV
the Conqueror
13391399
Duke of Brittany Margaret
of Windsor
13461361 John Hastings
13471375
Earl of Pembroke William of Windsor
1348 Thomas
of Woodstock
13551397
Duke of Gloucester Eleanor de Bohun
c.;13661399
Edward
of Woodstock
The Black Prince
13301376 Joan
of Kent
13281385 Blanche
of Lancaster
c.;13471368 John
of Gaunt
13401399
Duke of Lancaster Constance
of Castile
13541394 Katherine Swynford
13501403 Edmund
of Langley
13411402
Duke of York Isabella
of Castile
c.;13551392 Elizabeth de Burgh
13321363
Countess of Ulster Lionel
of Antwerp
13381368
Duke of Clarence Violante Visconti
13541386
House of Beaufort
Edward of Angoul;me
13651370 Anne
of Bohemia
13661394 Richard II
13671400
r.;13771399 Isabella
of Valois
13891409 House of Lancaster John of Lancaster
13741375 Catherine
of Lancaster
13731418 Henry III
13791406
King of Castile Edmund Mortimer
13521381
Earl of March Philippa
13551382
Countess of Ulster
House of Trast;mara Roger Mortimer
13741398
Earl of March, Earl of Ulster Alianore Holland
13731405
Edward
of Norwich
c.;13731415
Duke of York Richard
of Conisburgh
c.;13751415
Earl of Cambridge Anne de Mortimer
13901411
House of York
Houses of Lancaster and York
Main page: Template:Wars of the Roses family tree
See also: Wars of the Roses
House of York Peter
of Castile
13341369
King of Castile Edward III
13121377
r.;13271377 Henry
of Grosmont
c.;13101361
Duke of Lancaster House of Lancaster
Isabella
of Castile
c.;13551392 Edmund
of Langley
13411402
Duke of York Joan Holland
c.;13801434 Edward
of Wales
The Black Prince
13301376 Joan
of Kent
13281385 Thomas Holland
c.;13141360
Earl of Kent Blanche
of Lancaster
13421368 John
of Gaunt
13401399
Duke of Lancaster Constance
of Castile
13541394 Katherine Swynford
13501403
Edward
of Norwich
13731415
Duke of York Philippa Mohun
c.;13671431 Constance
of York
c.;13741416 Thomas Despenser
13731400
Earl of Gloucester Richard II
13671400
r.;13771399 John Holland
c.;13521400
Duke of Exeter Elizabeth
of Lancaster
13631426 John Cornwall
c.;13641443
Baron Fanhope Philippa
of Lancaster
13601415 John I
13581433
King of Portugal
Anne de Mortimer
13901411 Richard
of Conisburgh
c.;13751415
Earl of Cambridge Matilda Clifford Mary de Bohun
c.;13681394 Henry IV
13661413
r.;13991413 Joan
of Navarre
c.;13701437 Catherine
of Lancaster
13731418 Henry III
13791406
King of Castile
Henry
of Cambridge Louis III
13781436
Elector Palatine Blanche
of Lancaster
13921409 Anne
of Burgundy
14041432 John
of Lancaster
13891435
Duke of Bedford Jacquetta
of Luxembourg
1415/14161472 Richard Woodville
14051469
Earl Rivers Henry V
13861422
r.;14131422 Catherine
of Valois
14011437 Owen Tudor
c.;13921461
Thomas
of Lancaster
13871421
Duke of Clarence Jacqueline
Ctss. of Hainaut
14011436 Humphrey
13901447
Duke of Gloucester Eleanor Cobham
c.;14001452 Philippa
of Lancaster
13941430 Eric VII
of Pomerania
13811459
King of Denmark Henry VI
14211471
r.;14221461 r.;14701471 Margaret
of Anjou
14301482
Thomas Beaufort
c.;13771426
Duke of Exeter Margaret Neville
of Horneby Ralph de Neville
c.;13641425
Earl of Westmorland Joan Beaufort
c.;13791440 Robert Ferrers
c.;13731396
Baron Boteler of Wem Henry Beaufort
c.;13751447
Bishop of Winchester Margaret Holland
13851439 John Beaufort
c.;13711410
Earl of Somerset Edward
of Westminster
14531471
Prince of Wales
Isabel
of Cambridge
14091484 Henry Bourchier
c.;14041483
Earl of Essex Richard
of York
14111460
Duke of York Cecily Neville
14151495 John Beaufort
14031444
Duke of Somerset Margaret Beauchamp
of Bletso
1405/14061482
Henry Holland
14301475
Duke of Exeter Anne
of York
14391476 Thomas St. Leger
d.;1483 Edmund
14431460
Earl of Rutland John de la Pole
14421491/1492
Duke of Suffolk Elizabeth
of York
Duchess of Suffolk
14441503 Edward IV
14421483
r.;14611470 r.;14711483 Elizabeth Woodville
c.;14371492
Anne Neville
14561485 Richard III
14521485
r.;14831485 Isabella Neville
14511476 George Plantagenet
14491478
Duke of Clarence Margaret
of York
14461503 Charles the Bold
14331477 Lady Margaret Beaufort
1441/14431509 Edmund Tudor
14301456
1st Earl of Richmond Jasper Tudor
14311495
Duke of Bedford
Edward
of Middleham Prince of Wales
c.;14731484 Thomas Kymbe Ralph Scrope
of Upsall Cecily
of York
14691507 John Welles
c.;14501498
Viscount Welles Mary
of York
14671482 Edward V
14701483
r.;1483 Margaret
of York
1472 Richard
of Shrewsbury
14731483
Duke of York Elizabeth
of York
14661503 Henry VII
14571509
r.;14851509
Anne
of York
1470 Edward Plantagenet
14751499
Earl of Warwick Richard
of York
14761477 George Plantagenet
14771479
Duke of Bedford Thomas Howard
14731554
Duke of Norfolk Anne
of York
14751511 Bridget
of York
14801517 Catherine
of York
14791527 William Courtenay
14751511
Earl of Devon House of Tudor
Richard Pole
14621504 Margaret Plantagenet
14731541
Countess of Salisbury
House of Tudor
Main article: House of Tudor
}}
Henry VII
14571509
r.;14851509 Elizabeth
of York
14661503
James IV
14731513
King of Scotland Margaret Tudor
14891541 Archibald Douglas
c.;14891557
Earl of Angus Henry Stewart
c.;14951552
Lord Methven Elizabeth Tudor
14921495 Louis XII
14621515
King of France Mary Tudor
14961533 Charles Brandon
c.;14841545
Duke of Suffolk Edmund Tudor
14991500
Duke of Somerset Katherine Tudor
1503
Arthur Tudor
14861502
Prince of Wales Catherine
of Aragon
14851536 Henry VIII
14911547
r.;15091547 Anne Boleyn
1501/15071536 Jane Seymour
c.;15081537 Anne
of Cleves
15151557 Catherine Howard
1518/15241542 Catherine Parr
15121548
Madeleine
of Valois
15201537 James V
15121542
King of Scotland Mary
of Guise
15151560 Margaret Douglas
15151578 Matthew Stewart
15161571
Earl of Lennox Mary I
15161558
r.;15531558 Philip I[a]
15271598
King of Spain
r.;15531558 Jure uxoris Henry FitzRoy
15191536
Duke of Richmond and Somerset Elizabeth I
15331603
r.;15581603 Edward VI
15371553
r.;15471553
Francis II
15441560
King of France Mary
15421587
Queen of Scots Henry Stuart
15451567
Lord Darnley James Hepburn
c.;15341578
Earl of Bothwell Henry Grey
15171554
Duke of Suffolk Frances Brandon
15171559 Adrian Stokes
15331586 Eleanor Brandon
15191547 Henry Clifford
15171570
Earl of Cumberland
House of Stuart Thomas Keyes
15441571 Mary Grey
15451578 Henry Herbert
after15381601 Catherine Grey
15401568 Edward Seymour
15391621 Jane
1536/15371554
r.;1553
Disputed Guildford Dudley
c.;15351554
See also
History of monarchy in the United Kingdom
Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
Simplified English and British monarchs family tree
Notes
Title as King of England
References
"The Continental Dynasties 10661216" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-26.
"The Plantagenet Dynasties 12161485" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-26.
"The Tudors 14851603 and the Stuarts 16031714" (PDF). The official website of the British Monarchy. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
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Categories: Family treesEnglish monarchsFamily trees of royaltyFamily in England
Family tree of English monarchs
Family tree of British monarchs
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from English and British monarchs family tree (simple))
The following is a simplified family tree of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs.
For more-detailed charts see:
Family tree of English monarchs, from Alfred the Great and AE thelstan to James VI and I;
Family tree of Scottish monarchs, from Kenneth MacAlpin also to James VI and I;
Family tree of Welsh monarchs; and
Family tree of the British royal family from James VI and I to the present.
List of monarchs
Alpin
mac Echdach
d.;834
House of Alpin
Domnall I
MacAilpin
812862
King of the Picts
r.;858862 Kenneth I
MacAilpin
810858
King of the Picts
r.;843858
House of Wessex
Alfred
the Great
849899
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r.;871899 Giric
c.;832889
King of the Picts
r.;878889 Constantin I
mac Cin;eda
d.;877
King of the Picts
r.;862877 ;ed
mac Cin;eda
d.;878
King of the Picts
r.;877878 ? Run
King of Alt Clut
r.;872878(?)
Edward
the Elder
c.;874/877924
King of the Anglo-Saxons
r.;899924 Donald II
mac Causantin
d.;900
King of Alba
r.;889900 Constantine II
before 879952
King of Alba
r.;900952 Eochaid
(fl.;878889)
King of the Picts
r.;878889(?)
AE thelstan
c.;894939
King of the English
r.;924939 Edmund I
921946
King of the English
r.;939946 Eadred
923955
King of the English
r.;946955 Malcolm I
c.;900954
King of Alba
r.;943954 Indulf
d.;962
King of Alba
r.;954962
Richard I
933996
Duke of Normandy Eadwig
All-Fair
c.;940959
King of the English
r.;955959 Edgar I
the Peaceful
c.;943975
King of the English
r.;959975 Dub
c.;928967
King of Alba
r.;962967 Kenneth II
before 954995
King of Alba
r.;971995 Amlaib
mac Ilduilb
d.;977
King of Alba
r.;973977 Cuilen
d.;971
King of Alba
r.;967971
House of Kn;tlinga
Richard II
9631026
Duke of Normandy Sweyn
Forkbeard
9631014
King of the English
r.;10131014 Kenneth III
c.;9661005
King of Alba
r.;9971005 Malcolm II
c.;9801034
King of Scots
r.;10051034 Constantine III
before 971997
King of Alba
r.;995997
Edward
the Martyr
c.;962978
King of the English
r.;975978 AE thelred
the Unready
c.;9681016
King of the English
r.;9781013, r.;10141016 Emma
of Normandy
c.;9841052 Cnut
the Great
c.;985/9951035
King of England
r.;10161035 Boite
mac Cin;eda
d.;1058 Donada Beth;c
House of Moray House of Dunkeld
Robert I
10001035
Duke of Normandy Edmund II
Ironside
c.;9901016
King of the English
r.;1016 Godwin
10011053
Earl of Wessex Edward
the Confessor
c.;10031066
King of the English
r.;10421066 Gruoch
of Scotland
fl.;10201054 Macbeth
10051057
King of Alba
r.;10401057 Duncan I
c.;10011040
King of Alba
r.;10341040
Edward
the Exile
10161057 Edith
of Wessex
c.;10251075 Harold II
Godwinson
c.;10221066
King of the English
r.;1066 Harthacnut
c.;10181042
King of England
r.;10401042 Harold I
Harefoot
c.;10151040
King of England
r.;10371040 Lulach
the fool
before 10331058
King of Alba
r.;10571058
House of Normandy
William I
the Conqueror
c.;10281087
King of England
r.;10661087 Saint Margaret
of Scotland
c.;10451093 Malcolm III
Canmore
c.;10311093
King of Scots
r.;10581093 Donald III
Bane
c.;10391099
King of Scots
r.;10931094, r.;10941097
William II
c.;10561100
King of England
r.;10871100 Adela
of Normandy
c.;10671137 Henry I
c.;10681135
King of England
r.;11001135 Matilda of Scotland
10801118 Edgar
c.;10741107
King of Scots
r.;10971107 Alexander I
c.;10781124
King of Scots
r.;11071124 David I
10841153
King of Scots
r.;11241153 Duncan II
c.;10601094
King of Scots
r.;1094
House of Blois House of Plantagenet
Stephen
of Blois
c.;1092/10961154
King of England
r.;11351141, r.;11411154 Empress Matilda
11021167
Queen of England (Disputed)
r.;1141 Henry
of Scotland
11141152
Earl of Huntingdon
Henry II
11331189
King of England
r.;11541189 William I
the Lion
c.;11431214
King of Scots
r.;11651214 Malcolm IV
11411165
King of Scots
r.;11531165 David
of Scotland
c.;11441219
Earl of Huntingdon
Richard I
11571199
King of England
r.;11891199 John
11661216
King of England
r.;11991216 Margaret
of Huntingdon Isobel
of Huntingdon Walter
of Dundonald
d.;1246
High Steward
Henry III
12071272
King of England
r.;12161272 Joan
of England
12101238 Alexander II
11981249
King of Scots
r.;12141249 Dervorguilla
c.;12101290 Robert V
de Brus
c.;12101295 Margaret Stewart Alexander Stewart
12141283
High Steward
House of Balliol
Edward I
12391307
King of England
r.;12721307 Margaret
of England
12401275 Alexander III
12411286
King of Scots
r.;12491286 John Balliol
c.;12491314
King of Scots
r.;12921296 Robert VI
de Brus
12431304
Lord of Annandale Marjorie
of Carrick
c.;1253/1256c.;1292
Clan Bruce
Margaret
of Scotland
12611283 Eric II
of Norway
12681299 Isabel Bruce
c.;12721358 Robert I
the Bruce
12741329
King of Scots
r.;13061329 James Stewart
c.;12601309
High Steward
House of Sverre
Edward II
12841327
King of England
r.;13071327 Margaret
Maid of Norway
12831290
Queen of Scots
r.;12861290 Marjorie Bruce
12961316 Walter Stewart
c.;12961327
High Steward
House of Stewart
Edward III
13121377
King of England
r.;13271377 Joan
of the Tower
13211362 David II
13241371
King of Scots
r.;13291371 Robert II
13161390
King of Scots
r.;13711390
House of Lancaster House of York
Edward
of Woodstock
13301376
The Black Prince John
of Gaunt
13401399
Duke of Lancaster Lionel
of Antwerp
13381368
Duke of Clarence Robert III
13371406
King of Scots
r.;13901406
Richard II
13671400
King of England
r.;13771399 Henry IV
13671413
King of England
r.;13991413 John Beaufort
13731410
Earl of Somerset Philippa
of Clarence
13551382
Countess of Ulster Edmund
of Langley
13411402
Duke of York
Roger Mortimer
13741398
Earl of March
Henry V
13861422
King of England
r.;14131422 John Beaufort
14031444
Duke of Somerset Anne Mortimer
13901411 Richard
of Conisburgh
c.;13751415
Earl of Cambridge Joan Beaufort
c.;14041445 James I
13941437
King of Scots
r.;14061437
Henry VI
14211471
King of England
r.;14221461, r.;14701471 Margaret Beaufort
1441/14431509 Richard
of York
14111460
Duke of York James II
14301460
King of Scots
r.;14371460
Edward IV
14421483
King of England
r.;14611470, r.;14711483 Richard III
14521485
King of England
r.;14831485 James III
14511488
King of Scots
r.;14601488
House of Tudor
Henry VII
14571509
King of England
r.;14851509 Elizabeth
of York
14661503 Edward V
14701483
King of England
r.;1483
Mary Tudor
14961533 Henry VIII
14911547
King of England
r.;15091547 Margaret Tudor
14891541 James IV
14731513
King of Scots
r.;14881513
Frances Brandon
15171559 Mary I
15161558
Queen of England
r.;15531558 Philip II
of Spain
15271598
King of England
r.;15541558 Margaret Douglas
15151578 James V
15121542
King of Scots
r.;15131542
Jane
1536/15371554
Queen of England Disputed
r.;1553 Edward VI
15371553
King of England
r.;15471553 Elizabeth I
15331603
Queen of England
r.;15581603 Henry Stuart
15451567
Lord Darnley Mary I
15421587
Queen of Scots
r.;15421567
James VI and I
15661625
King of Scots
r.;15671625
King of England
r.;16031625
Elizabeth
15961662
Electress Palatine Charles I
16001649
King of England and Scotland
r.;16251649
Sophia
of Hanover
16301714
Electress of Brunswick Charles II
16301685
King of Scotland
r.;16491651,
r.;16601685
King of England
r.;16601685 Mary
16311660
Princess Royal James II & VII
16331701
King of England and Scotland
r.;16851688
House of Hanover
George I
16601727
King of Great Britain
r.;17141727 William III & II
16501702
King of England and Scotland
r.;16891702 Mary II
16621694
Queen of England and Scotland
r.;16891694 Anne
16651714
Queen of England and Scotland, then Great Britain
r.;17021714
George II
16831760
King of Great Britain
r.;17271760
Frederick
17071751
Prince of Wales
George III
17381820
King of Great Britain, then the United Kingdom
r.;17601820
George IV
17621830
regent 18111820
King of the United Kingdom
r.;18201830 William IV
17651837
King of the United Kingdom
r.;18301837 Edward
17671820
Duke of Kent and Strathearn
Victoria
18191901
Queen of the United Kingdom
r.;18371901
House of Windsor
(Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)
Edward VII
18411910
King of the United Kingdom
r.;19011910
George V
18651936
King of the United Kingdom
r.;19101936
Edward VIII
18941972
King of the United Kingdom
r.;1936 George VI
18951952
King of the United Kingdom
r.;19361952
Elizabeth II
19262022
Queen of the United Kingdom
r.;19522022
Charles III
b.;1948
King of the United Kingdom
r.;2022present
See also
Family tree of English monarchs (more detailed)
Family tree of the British royal family (more detailed)
Lists of monarchs in the British Isles
Family tree of English monarchs (Sympli
Family tree of English monarchs
Genebase Canada DNA Testing Lab 2009 year ++ web-side used test results
Aleksander Balzin (Aleksandr Nikolaevich Balzin)(born 1st December 1937 year in Promyshlennaya Station, Kemerovo Province, Siberia, Russia) is my official and my biological father. I paid for his 91 Markers STR and his Full Sequence mtDNA (his and mine too) for Genebase in 2009.
YDNA of Edward I King of England b 1239 d 1307
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/630
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2677
YDNA of Edward II King of England b 1284 d 1327
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/152
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/840
YDNA of Edward III King of England b 1312 d 1377
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/103
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/604
YDNA of Edward IV King of England b 1442 d 1483
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/702
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/2957
YDNA of Richard III KIng of England b 1452 d1485
https://proza.ru/2024/03/29/751
http://stihi.ru/2024/03/29/3096
© Copyright: Eanna Inna Balzina-Balzin, 2024
© Copyright: Θννΰ Αΰλόηθνΰ-Αΰλόηθν, 2024
#DNA #YDNA #England #King #EdwardII #Aleksander #Nikolaevich #Balzin