42_ “ ЧИСТОВОЕ” ПРОЧТЕНИЕ ФЕСТСКОГО ДИСКА. ДЕТЕРМИНАНТА. ОТ
СОБСТВЕННО С ЭТОГО Я И НАЧАЛ. МОЖНО РАСПЕЧАТАТЬ ДЛЯ РАБОТЫ
..я раньше это не писал! Все макеты страницы – это довольно качественно отсканированные мной мои страницы. Конечно я проверил, взяв их с своей странички, и их можно ПОВТОРНО распечатать, или смотреть – увеличив их....
..из книги Артура Эванса. “ Дворец Минуса в Кноссе”
Sector 1. ТО ЕСТЬ ПЕРВАЯ СТОРОНА ФЕСТСКОГО ДИСКА_ СТОРОНА_А.
P/s. Ниже по тексту- перевод в программе Magic Goody/
Tablet of Class A / табличка, пластина с Линейным- в линию письмом типа_А, найденная рядом с диском – остальной перевод на Стр. 43 будет – это Оригинальный фрагмент текста Еванса книги./ found with imprinted Disk at I'haestos- / сейчас пишут- Phaestos- то есть Фестский дискЪ /: In Cist with M. M. II I \> pottery ; Non-Minoас character of Disk ; Hieroglyphs stamped by novel method ; Order of Sign-Groups on Disk ; The Signary small common clement wil/i Minoan Scripts; The ' Manacles ' sign; Artistic execution of Signs compared with Minoan ; At date of Disk Hieroglyphs superseded by linear signs in Crete; Indications of connexion with S. W. Anatolia; Plumed cap and round shield of later Sea-rovers; Arrow sign on Ship ; Anatolian religious element Symbols of Goddess Ma ; Pagoda-like building - Lykian
parallels; Specialized character of signs on Disk ; Pictographs not of ancient derivation but drawn from contemporary life ; Phonographic elements dual Groups; Preponderant idcography ; Simple mnemonic eltment ; Division into Sections terminal dashes ; Symmetrical arrangement of two faces ; Recurrent sets of sign-groups suggesting refrains ; Metrical character of Composition; Record of Sea raid connected with S. W. Region of Asia Minor ; Comparison of later Egyptian Sea raids of Lykians and Confederates ; Pylon of Medinet Flabu ; Religious connexion of Disk a ' Te Deum ' of Victory; Cretan Philis- tines among later Sea-Raiders ; But Disk not a record of Philistines in Minoan Crete; Non-Minoan accoutrements of warriors on Disk ; Keftians
true Minoan representatives ; Disk a foreshadowing of later ethnic relations ; An Evidence of M.M.I II connexion between Crete and S.H'. Anatolia; An unique record. THE cumulative evidence as to the general use of the advanced Linear Tablet of Class \
Script A at Knossos during the closing phase of M. M. 1 1 1, at a date, that is, f ou nd round about 1600 B.C., finds its counterpart in the recurrence of a typical p^" tablet of this class (Fig. 480) with identical ceramic associations in the Palace Disk at v 5 Phaestos. of rhaestos. Its occurrence in that case, however, was accompanied by the still more remarkable discovery of the well-known Disk of baked clay imprinted on both sides with hieroglyphic characters of a class hitherto unexampled in Crete or elsewhere (Fig. 482). At the same time it raises questions so intimately connected with the course of Minoan history as to demand careful con- sideration here. The linear tablet, as will beseen from Fig. 480, presents the same abbre- viated type of inscription, and is of the same, almost square, shape as the contem- porary examples from Knossos, and belongs therefore to the earlier element Cist of Class A. 1 It was found, a few centimetres from the Disk, in a built cist M!M.III^ analogous to the ' Kaselles' at Knossos which was situated in an annexe to pottery, the North-Eastern region of the Palace at Phaestos. In Dr. Pernier's opinion FIG. 480 a, b. TABLET WITH INSCRIPTION OF LINEAR CLASS A, FOUND WITH DISK. IG. 481. 'BRIDGE-SPOUTED' CLAY JAR FOUND WITH DISK SHOWING YELLOWISH WASH.
both these clay documents had found their way into this repository from an upper floor, and the same is true of the great hoards of tablets found in the later Palace at Knossos. The associated pottery was uniformly of the M. M. II I b class, presenting for the most part the typical purplish brown ' The tablet seems to be perfect except for
a small border strip. On a the collocation of the third and fourth signs ofl. i (Nos. 47, 48 of the Table, Fig. 476) is frequent in inscriptions of this class. The bent spray seen in both lines supplies a link with the hieroglyphic tablet from Phaestos, p. 278, Fig. 209 above. The intermediate sign between the two lines is possibly No. 66 of the Table, Fig. 470. The penultimate sign of 1. 2 is uncertain On side I the first character of 1. 2 is incompleteThe penultimate sign is No. 66 of the Table. Around and white decoration and forms of vessels in some cases identical with those of the Temple Repositories. 1 There were also found fragments of a typical class of vessel with a ' bridge-spout ' and three handles (Fig. 481), further degenerations of which occur in L. M. I deposits. 2 This evidence would bring down the elate of the Disk to an advanced stage of M. M. III. 3 In default of the strongest evidence to the contrary, the inference would be almost obligatory that the clay Disk, found thus on a Cretan site and in purely Minoan associations, was itself an indigenous product. But there are serious objections of a negative character to this conclusion as well as positive indications pointing to a geographical area outside Crete. The Disk itself, of which Face A is reproduced in Fig. 482, presents on either side a spiraliform inscription in hieroglyphic characters, each of which is separately impressed by means of a punch, a remarkable and novel feature
in connexion with early script. It might, a priori, have been supposed 4 that Non- M mi M 1 1 character of Disk. H iero- glyphs stamped by novel method. 1 Compare especially the pitcher with typi- cal M.M. Ill b spiraliform ornament. Ausonia iii, p. 261, Fig. 3, and the fragments, p. 263, Fig. 6. This type of vessel was found at Gournia with pure L. M. I decoration (Boyd Hawes, Gournia, PI. VIII, 21, 22). A L. M. I vase, showing a still further degeneration, was found in a private house at Hagia Triada. 3 For an account of the discovery of the Disk, and a detailed description, see Dr. L. Pernier, Ausonia, 1909, p. 255 seqq. Re- searches of my own on the subject have appeared in Scripta Minoa, i, p. 2 2 seqq., and Part III, 'The Phaestos Disk,' p. 273 seqq. An acute study of the Disk was published con- temporaneously by Dr. A. Delia Seta (// Disco di Phaestos : Rendiconti della r. Accad. dei Lincei, 1909, Seduta di Maggio), whose views as to the order of the inscriptions I have felt bound to adopt. Almost simultaneously ap- peared Der Disktis von Phaestos unddie Philister -t'on Kreta by Prof. Eduard Meyer (Sitzungsbe rithte d. k. Akad., Berlin, 1909, p. 1022 seqq.), who lays stress on the ' Philistine ' element.
Monsieur A. J. Reinach's article, ' Le Disque de Phaestos et les Peuples de la Mer ' (Rev. Arch., 1910, pp. 1-65), is mainly an ethnographic investigation on the same lines as the pre- ceding. In 1911 Dr. A. Cuny published a careful study of the Disk in the Rer. des
Eludes anciennes (p. 296 seqq., and cf. too ib., 1912, pp. 95, 96). Prof. A. Sundwall
(Der Ursprung der kretisthen Schrift (Acta Academiae Aboensis, 1920) labours to derive the signs on the Disk from Egyptian hiero- glyphs. Prof. R. A. S. Macalister, Proc. R. I. Acad., xxx (1913), Sect. C, p. 342 seqq., without attempting to transliterate the document, has compared its arrangement with that of a con- tract tablet with a list of witnesses ; Mr. F. W. Read (Quarterly Statement Pal. Ext. Fund, Jan., 1921, p. 29 seqq.) regards it as 'the oldest music in the world'. 4 This was at first my own view, but the tech- nical arguments advanced by Dr. Delia Seta, loc. fit., have convinced me that the alternative view held from the first by Dr. Pernier was correct and that the inscriptions run inwards. Several cogent arguments for this view are advanced by Dr. Delia Seta (op. at., p. 12 seqq.). Such are (a) the abrupt widening of the outer column at the end of Section XII of Face A, and the somewhat strangled beginning of Section XIV. (&) The fact that on both faces there are slight superpositions of one sign by another, showing that in each case the sign to the right was the first impressed ' 1 -- J\ tf^t' ; .r '.W- >
' f&-&ty; *% \ JH-
PHAESTOS DISK; FACE A.
the signs of the inscriptions had run outwards from the centre to the periphery, m which case the human and animate figures would have faced to the right (e.g. A. xvn. 3, 4; xxvi. i, 2 ; xxix. 2, 3, 4 ; by the grouping of the signs in Section XIX. B. xxx i, 2 ). ( f ) The evidences of crowd- In A, v, there has been a cancelling and ing towards the centre of A, specially shown correction. with the other signs, as is the case with both the Cretan linear scripts. But a more detailed examination of the Disk must remove all doubt that
the contrary was the case, and that the inscription in fact starts in the Order of outer circle running from right to left, and so winds round to the centre. Groups The animate signs are thus set facing the beginning of each group, which is on Dlsk - in fact the arrangement adopted in the Minoan hieroglyphic system as well as in the Hittite, Babylonian, and the Egyptian. On each side the beginning of the inscription is indicated by a vertical line with four knobs in the case of
Face A and five in Face B.